OMIA:000765-9615 : Pancreatic insufficiency, exocrine in Canis lupus familiaris (dog)

In other species: domestic cat , tiger

Categories: Endocrine / exocrine gland phene (incl mammary gland)

Links to MONDO diseases: No links.

Mendelian trait/disorder: no

Mode of inheritance: Multifactorial

Considered a defect: yes

Key variant known: no

Species-specific name: Pancreatic acinar atrophy

Species-specific symbol: PAA

Mapping: By conducting a GWAS on 100 affected and 79 control German Shepherd dogs, each genotyped with the Affymetrix v2 canine SNP chip (Yielding 48,415 SNPs for the analysis), Tsai et al. (2012) discovered "Several regions on multiple chromosomes reach[ing] genome-wide significance".

Genetic engineering: Unknown
Have human generated variants been created, e.g. through genetic engineering and gene editing

Cite this entry

Nicholas, F. W., Tammen, I., & Sydney Informatics Hub. (2021). OMIA:000765-9615: Online Mendelian Inheritance in Animals (OMIA) [dataset]. https://omia.org/. https://doi.org/10.25910/2AMR-PV70

References

Note: the references are listed in reverse chronological order (from the most recent year to the earliest year), and alphabetically by first author within a year.

2023 Barko, P.C., Rubin, S.I., Swanson, K.S., McMichael, M.A., Ridgway, M.D., Williams, D.A. :
Untargeted analysis of serum metabolomes in dogs with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. Animals (Basel) 13, 2023. Pubmed reference: 37508091. DOI: 10.3390/ani13142313.
2021 Toresson, L., Steiner, J.M., Spodsberg, E., Olmedal, G., Suchodolski, J.S., Lidbury, J.A., Spillmann, T. :
Effects of oral cobalamin supplementation on serum cobalamin concentrations in dogs with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency: A pilot study. Vet J 269:105619, 2021. Pubmed reference: 33593499. DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2021.105619.
2013 Tsai, K.L., Starr-Moss, A.N., Venkataraman, G.M., Robinson, C., Kennedy, L.J., Steiner, J.M., Clark, L.A. :
Alleles of the major histocompatibility complex play a role in the pathogenesis of pancreatic acinar atrophy in dogs. Immunogenetics 65:501-9, 2013. Pubmed reference: 23604463. DOI: 10.1007/s00251-013-0704-y.
2012 Clark, L.A., Cox, M.L. :
Current status of genetic studies of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in dogs. Top Companion Anim Med 27:109-12, 2012. Pubmed reference: 23148850. DOI: 10.1053/j.tcam.2012.04.001.
German, A.J. :
Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in the dog: breed associations, nutritional considerations, and long-term outcome. Top Companion Anim Med 27:104-8, 2012. Pubmed reference: 23148849. DOI: 10.1053/j.tcam.2012.04.004.
Kennedy, O.C., Williams, D.A. :
Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in dogs and cats: online support for veterinarians and owners. Top Companion Anim Med 27:117-22, 2012. Pubmed reference: 23148852. DOI: 10.1053/j.tcam.2012.05.001.
Tsai, K.L., Noorai, R.E., Starr-Moss, A.N., Quignon, P., Rinz, C.J., Ostrander, E.A., Steiner, J.M., Murphy, K.E., Clark, L.A. :
Genome-wide association studies for multiple diseases of the German Shepherd Dog. Mamm Genome 23:203-11, 2012. Pubmed reference: 22105877. DOI: 10.1007/s00335-011-9376-9.
Westermarck, E., Wiberg, M. :
Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in the dog: historical background, diagnosis, and treatment. Top Companion Anim Med 27:96-103, 2012. Pubmed reference: 23148848. DOI: 10.1053/j.tcam.2012.05.002.
2010 Westermarck, E., Saari, SA., Wiberg, ME. :
Heritability of Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency in German Shepherd Dogs. J Vet Intern Med , 2010. Pubmed reference: 20102502. DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2009.0461.x.
2009 Mas, A., Noble, PJ., German, AJ. :
Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency treatment study. Vet Rec 165:62, 2009. Pubmed reference: 19596684.
2006 Snead, E. :
Oral ulceration and bleeding associated with pancreatic enzyme supplementation in a German shepherd with pancreatic acinar atrophy. Can Vet J 47:579-82, 2006. Pubmed reference: 16808232.
2005 Clark, LA., Wahl, JM., Steiner, JM., Zhou, W., Ji, W., Famula, TR., Williams, DA., Murphy, KE. :
Linkage analysis and gene expression profile of pancreatic acinar atrophy in the German Shepherd Dog. Mamm Genome 16:955-62, 2005. Pubmed reference: 16341675. DOI: 10.1007/s00335-005-0076-1.
Kim, JW., Jung, DI., Kang, BT., Kim, HJ., Park, C., Park, EH., Lim, CY., Park, HM. :
Canine exocrine pancreatic insufficiency treated with porcine pancreatic extract. J Vet Sci 6:263-6, 2005. Pubmed reference: 16131834.
2004 Bishop, MA., Steiner, JM., Moore, LE., Williams, DA. :
Evaluation of the cationic trypsinogen gene for potential mutations in miniature schnauzers with pancreatitis. Can J Vet Res 68:315-8, 2004. Pubmed reference: 15581228.
Rutz, GM., Steiner, JM., Bauer, JE., Williams, DA. :
Effects of exchange of dietary medium chain triglycerides for long-chain triglycerides on serum biochemical variables and subjectively assessed well-being of dogs with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. Am J Vet Res 65:1293-302, 2004. Pubmed reference: 15478780.
Wiberg, M.E. :
Pancreatic acinar atrophy in German shepherd dogs and rough-coated collies. Etiopathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment. A review. Vet Q 26:61-75, 2004. Pubmed reference: 15230051.
2003 Westermarck, E., Wiberg, M. :
Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in dogs. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 33:1165-79, viii-ix, 2003. Pubmed reference: 14552166.
2002 Moeller, E.M., Steiner, J.M., Clark, L.A., Murphy, K.E., Famula, T.R., Williams, D.A., Stankovics, M.E., Vose, A.S. :
Inheritance of pancreatic acinar atrophy in German Shepherd Dogs American Journal of Veterinary Research 63:1429-1434, 2002. Pubmed reference: 12371772.
Rutz, G.M., Steiner, J.M., Williams, D.A. :
Oral bleeding associated with pancreatic enzyme supplementation in three dogs with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 221:1716-+, 2002. Pubmed reference: 12494968.
Vondrakova, K., Klimes, J. :
Diagnosis of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in the dog using radial enzyme diffusion Acta Veterinaria Brno 71:223-228, 2002.
Wiberg, M.E., Westermarck, E. :
Subclinical exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in dogs Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 220:1183-1187, 2002. Pubmed reference: 11990965.
2001 Rutz, G.M., Steiner, J.M., Williams, D.A. :
Pancreatic acinar atrophy in german shepherds Compendium on Continuing Education for the Practicing Veterinarian 23:347-+, 2001.
2000 Mansfield, C.S. :
Glucocorticoid deficiency (atypical hypoadrenocorticism) and exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in a German Shepherd Dog Australian Veterinary Practitioner 30:2-5, 2000.
Rutz, G., Steiner, J., Hirschberger, J. :
Exocrin pancreas insufficiency of dogs. Review article Magyar Allatorvosok Lapja 122:672-676, 2000.
1999 Rallis, T., Adamama-Moraitou, K.K., Soubasis, N. :
Canine exocrine pancreatic insufficiency: Clinical and laboratory findings in 15 spontaneous cases Canine Practice 24:12-15, 1999.
Wiberg, M.E., Saari, S.A.M., Westermarck, E. :
Exocrine pancreatic atrophy in German Shepherd Dogs and Rough-coated Collies: An end result of lymphocytic pancreatitis Veterinary Pathology 36:530-541, 1999. Pubmed reference: 10568434.
1998 Wiberg, M.E., Lautala, H.M., Westermarck, E. :
Response to long-term enzyme replacement treatment in dogs with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 213:86 ff., 1998.
1997 Leidinger, E. :
Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in dogs and cats [German] Wiener Tierarztliche Monatsschrift 84:355-358, 1997.
1996 Spillmann, T. :
Diagnosis of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in dogs - advantages and disadvantages of laboratory methods for the diagnosis of chronic pancreatic diseases [German] Kleintierpraxis 41:653 ff., 1996.
1995 Westermarck, E., Junttila, J.T., Wiberg, M.E. :
Role of low dietary fat in the treatment of dogs with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency American Journal of Veterinary Research 56:600-605, 1995. Pubmed reference: 7661454.
1994 Boari, A., Williams, D.A., Famiglibergamini, P. :
Observations on Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency in a Family of English Setter Dogs Journal of Small Animal Practice 35:247-250, 1994.
1993 Batt, R.M. :
Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 23:595-608, 1993. Pubmed reference: 8503162.
Westermarck, E., Batt, R.M., Vaillant, C., Wiberg, M. :
Sequential Study of Pancreatic Structure and Function During Development of Pancreatic Acinar Atrophy in a German Shepherd Dog American Journal of Veterinary Research 54:1088-1094, 1993. Pubmed reference: 8368604.
1991 Meister, R., Berger, I., Schwille, P.O., Gebhardt, C. :
Maximal stimulation of pancreatic islet B-cells, and A-cell response to arginine, in dogs with longterm pancreatic acinar atrophy. Eur J Surg 157:333-40, 1991. Pubmed reference: 1678647.
1990 Meister, R.H., Berger, I.H., Schwille, P.O. :
Cholecystokinin and glucose-induced insulinaemia in dogs with and without pancreatic acinar atrophy. J Clin Chem Clin Biochem 28:379-90, 1990. Pubmed reference: 2212955.
1989 Raiha, M., Westermarck, E. :
The Signs of Pancreatic Degenerative Atrophy in Dogs and the Role of External Factors in the Etiology of the Disease Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica 30:447-452, 1989. Pubmed reference: 2640782.
Westermarck, E., Pamilo, P., Wiberg, M. :
Pancreatic Degenerative Atrophy in the Collie Breed - A Hereditary Disease Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series A-Animal Physiology Pathology and Clinical Veterinary Medicine-Zentralblatt fur Veterinarmedizin Reihe A 36:549-554, 1989.
1983 Rogers, W.A., O'Dorisio, T.M., Johnson, S.E., Cataland, S., Stradley, R.P., Sherding, R.G. :
Postprandial release of gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) and pancreatic polypeptide in dogs with pancreatic acinar atrophy. Correction of blunted GIP response by addition of pancreatic enzymes to a meal. Dig Dis Sci 28:345-9, 1983. Pubmed reference: 6831998.

Edit History


  • Created by Frank Nicholas on 06 May 2006
  • Changed by Frank Nicholas on 23 Nov 2012
  • Changed by Frank Nicholas on 20 May 2013
  • Changed by Imke Tammen2 on 24 Oct 2021