OMIA:000664-9615 : Mucopolysaccharidosis I in Canis lupus familiaris (dog)

In other species: domestic cat , taurine cattle

Categories: Lysosomal storage disease

Possibly relevant human trait(s) and/or gene(s)s (MIM numbers): 607014 (trait) , 607015 (trait) , 607016 (trait) , 252800 (gene)

Links to MONDO diseases: No links.

Mendelian trait/disorder: yes

Mode of inheritance: Autosomal recessive

Considered a defect: yes

Key variant known: yes

Year key variant first reported: 1992

Cross-species summary: Also known as Hurler syndrome

Species-specific name: Mucopolysaccharidosis I

Species-specific symbol: MPS I

Species-specific description: The mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are a group of hereditary diseases characterized by defective metabolism of glycosaminoglycans (mucopolysaccharides), which accumulate in lysosomes in various tissues.

History: In 1982 a family of Plott Hounds was recognized, in which three littermates were affected by MPS I. The clinical symptoms comprised growth retardation, joint problems, progressive lameness and visual impairment, caused by corneal clouding. Shull et al. provided a detailed pathological description (Shull et al. 1982). One of the affected dogs was used to establish a research colony, which was used over many years to evaluate treatment options for human MPS I. Vilander et al. (2019) diagnosed a Doberman Pinscher with MPS I via a urinary metabolic screen and serum enzyme activity tests. The dog was homozygous wild-type when tested for the known IDUA gene variants.

Molecular basis: By cloning and sequencing a very likely comparative candidate gene (based on the same disorder in humans), Menon et al. (1992) showed the molecular basis for this disorder in Plott Hounds to be a "G>A transition in the donor splice site of intron 1" of the IDUA gene which encodes alpha-L-iduronidase. As explained by Menon et al. (1992), "The mutation causes retention of intron 1 in the RNA and creates a premature termination codon at the exon-intron junction." According to current nomenclature, the variant would be c.155+1G>A. Whole-genome sequencing by Mansour et al. (2020) of one affected Boston Terrier, followed by filtering of variants via a "bioinformatics pipeline . . . based on the expected mode of inheritance, against a database of canine variants, and according to their expected detrimental effect on the coding sequence" reduced the "initial 6,168,093 variants to only 10 homozygous mutations and 12 heterozygous mutations". Examination of these variants in relation to functional candidate genes led to the identification of a likely causal variant as " a frame-shift insertion affecting the alpha-L-iduronidase (IDUA) gene (c.19_20insCGGCCCCC)". This variant was subsequently identified in another affected Boston Terrier. (Mansour et al., 2020) Faller et al. (2020) reported "a novel homozygous deletion of 287 bp resulting in full deletion of exon 10 of the IDUA gene (NC_006585.3(NM_001313883.1):c.1400-76_1521+89del)" in affected animals in a family of Golden Retrievers.

Genetic engineering: Unknown
Have human generated variants been created, e.g. through genetic engineering and gene editing

Prevalence: Mansour et al. (2020): The likely insertion causal variant "was not detected in 120 unrelated Boston Terriers as well as 202 dogs from other breeds".

Breeds: Boston Terrier (Dog) (VBO_0200204), Doberman Pinscher (Dog) (VBO_0200442), Golden Retriever (Dog) (VBO_0200610), Plott Hound (Dog) (VBO_0201023).
Breeds in which the phene has been documented. For breeds in which a likely causal variant has been documented, see the variant table below

Associated gene:

Symbol Description Species Chr Location OMIA gene details page Other Links
IDUA iduronidase, alpha-L- Canis lupus familiaris 3 NC_051807.1 (92532617..92515340) IDUA Homologene, Ensembl , NCBI gene

Variants

By default, variants are sorted chronologically by year of publication, to provide a historical perspective. Readers can re-sort on any column by clicking on the column header. Click it again to sort in a descending order. To create a multiple-field sort, hold down Shift while clicking on the second, third etc relevant column headers.

WARNING! Inclusion of a variant in this table does not automatically mean that it should be used for DNA testing. Anyone contemplating the use of any of these variants for DNA testing should examine critically the relevant evidence (especially in breeds other than the breed in which the variant was first described). If it is decided to proceed, the location and orientation of the variant sequence should be checked very carefully.

Since October 2021, OMIA includes a semiautomated lift-over pipeline to facilitate updates of genomic positions to a recent reference genome position. These changes to genomic positions are not always reflected in the ‘acknowledgements’ or ‘verbal description’ fields in this table.

OMIA Variant ID Breed(s) Variant Phenotype Gene Allele Type of Variant Source of Genetic Variant Reference Sequence Chr. g. or m. c. or n. p. Verbal Description EVA ID Inferred EVA rsID Year Published PubMed ID(s) Acknowledgements
1237 Golden Retriever (Dog) Mucopolysaccharidosis I IDUA deletion, gross (>20) Naturally occurring variant CanFam3.1 3 g.91523238_91523524del c.1400-76_1521+89del p.(G467_E507del) NM_001313883.1; NP_001300812.1 2020 32785987
911 Plott Hound (Dog) Mucopolysaccharidosis I IDUA splicing Naturally occurring variant CanFam3.1 3 g.91534420C>T c.155+1G>A NM_001313883.1 rs1152388407 rs1152388407 1992 1339393
1190 Boston Terrier (Dog) Mucopolysaccharidosis I IDUA insertion, small (<=20) Naturally occurring variant CanFam3.1 3 g.91534556_91534557insGGGGGCCG c.19_20insCGGCCCCC p.(R7Pfs) NM_001313883.1; NP_001300812.1 2020 32300136

Cite this entry

Nicholas, F. W., Tammen, I., & Sydney Informatics Hub. (2023). OMIA:000664-9615: Online Mendelian Inheritance in Animals (OMIA) [dataset]. https://omia.org/. https://doi.org/10.25910/2AMR-PV70

References

Note: the references are listed in reverse chronological order (from the most recent year to the earliest year), and alphabetically by first author within a year.

2024 Lau, Y.K., Iyer, K., Shetye, S., Friday, C.S., Dodge, G.R., Hast, M.W., Casal, M.L., Gawri, R., Smith, L.J. :
Evaluation of tendon and ligament microstructure and mechanical properties in a canine model of mucopolysaccharidosis I. J Orthop Res , 2024. Pubmed reference: 38368531. DOI: 10.1002/jor.25813.
2023 Nenninger, A., Ben-Shlomo, G., Allbaugh, R., Valentine, B., Snella, E., Jens, J., Ellinwood, N.M., Smith, J. :
Clinical and pathological characterization of ophthalmic disease in a canine model of mucopolysaccharidosis type I. J Inherit Metab Dis 46:348-357, 2023. Pubmed reference: 36601751. DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12587.
Zhang, C., Gawri, R., Lau, Y.K., Spruce, L.A., Fazelinia, H., Jiang, Z., Jo, S.Y., Scanzello, C.R., Mai, W., Dodge, G.R., Casal, M.L., Smith, L.J. :
Proteomics identifies novel biomarkers of synovial joint disease in a canine model of mucopolysaccharidosis I. Mol Genet Metab 138:107371, 2023. Pubmed reference: 36709534. DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2023.107371.
2021 Lau, Y.K., Peck, S.H., Arginteanu, T., Wu, M., Lin, M., Shore, E.M., Klein, P.S., Casal, M.L., Smith, L.J. :
Effects of lithium administration on vertebral bone disease in mucopolysaccharidosis I dogs. Bone 154:116237, 2021. Pubmed reference: 34695616. DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.116237.
2020 Faller, K.M.E., Ridyard, A.E., Gutierrez-Quintana, R., Rupp, A., Kun-Rodrigues, C., Orme, T., Tylee, K.L., Church, H.J., Guerreiro, R., Bras, J. :
A deletion of IDUA exon 10 in a family of Golden Retriever dogs with an attenuated form of mucopolysaccharidosis type I. J Vet Intern Med 34:1813-1824, 2020. Pubmed reference: 32785987. DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15868.
Hampe, C.S., Polgreen, L.E., Lund, T.C., McIvor, R.S. :
Dysostosis multiplex in human mucopolysaccharidosis type 1 H and in animal models of the disease. Pediatr Endocrinol Rev 17:317-326, 2020. Pubmed reference: 32780955. DOI: 10.17458/per.vol17.2020.hpl.dysostosismultiplexhumananimal.
Mansour, T.A., Woolard, K.D., Vernau, K.L., Ancona, D.M., Thomasy, S.M., Sebbag, L., Moore, B.A., Knipe, M.F., Seada, H.A., Cowan, T.M., Aguilar, M., Titus Brown, C., Bannasch, D.L. :
Whole genome sequencing for mutation discovery in a single case of lysosomal storage disease (MPS type 1) in the dog. Sci Rep 10:6558, 2020. Pubmed reference: 32300136. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63451-4.
Miyadera, K., Conatser, L., Llanga, T.A., Carlin, K., O'Donnell, P., Bagel, J., Song, L., Kurtzberg, J., Samulski, R.J., Gilger, B., Hirsch, M.L. :
Intrastromal gene therapy prevents and reverses advanced corneal clouding in a canine model of mucopolysaccharidosis I. Mol Ther 28:1455-1463, 2020. Pubmed reference: 32330426. DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2020.04.004.
Story, B.D., Miller, M.E., Bradbury, A.M., Million, E.D., Duan, D., Taghian, T., Faissler, D., Fernau, D., Beecy, S.J., Gray-Edwards, H.L. :
Canine models of inherited musculoskeletal and neurodegenerative diseases. Front Vet Sci 7:80, 2020. Pubmed reference: 32219101. DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00080.
Switonski, M. :
Impact of gene therapy for canine monogenic diseases on the progress of preclinical studies. J Appl Genet 61:179-186, 2020. Pubmed reference: 32189222. DOI: 10.1007/s13353-020-00554-8.
2019 Vilander, A.C., Giger, U., Han, S., Wiest, A.N., Russell Moore, A. :
Cerebral spinal fluid cytology from a Doberman Pinscher. Vet Clin Pathol 48:487-489, 2019. Pubmed reference: 31062371. DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12740.
2017 Middleton, D.M., Li, J.Y., Chen, S.D., White, L.E., Dickson, P., Ellinwood, N.M., Provenzale, J.M. :
Diffusion tensor imaging findings suggestive of white matter alterations in a canine model of mucopolysaccharidosis type I. Neuroradiol J :1971400917715792, 2017. Pubmed reference: 28695759. DOI: 10.1177/1971400917715792.
2016 Hinderer, C., Bell, P., Louboutin, J.P., Katz, N., Zhu, Y., Lin, G., Choa, R., Bagel, J., O'Donnell, P., Fitzgerald, C.A., Langan, T., Wang, P., Casal, M.L., Haskins, M.E., Wilson, J.M. :
Neonatal tolerance induction enables accurate evaluation of gene therapy for MPS I in a canine model. Mol Genet Metab 119:124-30, 2016. Pubmed reference: 27386755. DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2016.06.006.
Khalid, O., Vera, M.U., Gordts, P.L., Ellinwood, N.M., Schwartz, P.H., Dickson, P.I., Esko, J.D., Wang, R.Y. :
Immune-Mediated Inflammation May Contribute to the Pathogenesis of Cardiovascular Disease in Mucopolysaccharidosis Type I. PLoS One 11:e0150850, 2016. Pubmed reference: 26986213. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150850.
Simonaro, C.M., Tomatsu, S., Sikora, T., Kubaski, F., Frohbergh, M., Guevara, J.M., Wang, R.Y., Vera, M., Kang, J.L., Smith, L.J., Schuchman, E.H., Haskins, M.E. :
Pentosan Polysulfate: Oral Versus Subcutaneous Injection in Mucopolysaccharidosis Type I Dogs. PLoS One 11:e0153136, 2016. Pubmed reference: 27064989. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153136.
2015 Choi, J., Dickson, P., Calabrese, E., Chen, S., White, L., Ellingwood, M., Provenzale, J.M. :
Predicting degree of myelination based on diffusion tensor imagining of canines with mucopolysaccharidosis type I. Neuroradiol J 28:562-73, 2015. Pubmed reference: 26475483. DOI: 10.1177/1971400915609351.
Hinderer, C., Bell, P., Louboutin, J.P., Zhu, Y., Yu, H., Lin, G., Choa, R., Gurda, B.L., Bagel, J., O'Donnell, P., Sikora, T., Ruane, T., Wang, P., Tarantal, A.F., Casal, M.L., Haskins, M.E., Wilson, J.M. :
Neonatal Systemic AAV Induces Tolerance to CNS Gene Therapy in MPS I Dogs and Nonhuman Primates. Mol Ther 23:1298-307, 2015. Pubmed reference: 26022732. DOI: 10.1038/mt.2015.99.
Provenzale, J.M., Nestrasil, I., Chen, S., Kan, S.H., Le, S.Q., Jens, J.K., Snella, E.M., Vondrak, K.N., Yee, J.K., Vite, C.H., Elashoff, D., Duan, L., Wang, R.Y., Ellinwood, N.M., Guzman, M.A., Shapiro, E.G., Dickson, P.I. :
Diffusion tensor imaging and myelin composition analysis reveal abnormal myelination in corpus callosum of canine mucopolysaccharidosis I. Exp Neurol 273:1-10, 2015. Pubmed reference: 26222335. DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2015.07.021.
2013 Chiaro, J.A., Baron, M.D., Del Alcazar, C.M., O'Donnell, P., Shore, E.M., Elliott, D.M., Ponder, K.P., Haskins, M.E., Smith, L.J. :
Postnatal progression of bone disease in the cervical spines of mucopolysaccharidosis I dogs. Bone 55:78-83, 2013. Pubmed reference: 23563357. DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2013.03.014.
Vite, C.H., Nestrasil, I., Mlikotic, A., Jens, J.K., Snella, E.M., Gross, W., Shapiro, E.G., Kovac, V., Provenzale, J.M., Chen, S., Le, S.Q., Kan, S.H., Banakar, S., Wang, R.Y., Haskins, M.E., Ellinwood, N.M., Dickson, P.I. :
Features of brain MRI in dogs with treated and untreated mucopolysaccharidosis type I. Comp Med 63:163-73, 2013. Pubmed reference: 23582423.
2011 Chen, A., Vogler, C., Mcentee, M., Hanson, S., Matthew Ellinwood, N., Jens, J., Snella, E., Passage, M., Le, S., Guerra, C., Dickson, P. :
Glycosaminoglycan storage in neuroanatomical regions of mucopolysaccharidosis I dogs following intrathecal recombinant human iduronidase. APMIS 119:513-521, 2011. Pubmed reference: 21749451. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0463.2011.02760.x.
Ellinwood, N.M., Ausseil, J., Desmaris, N., Bigou, S., Liu, S., Jens, J.K., Snella, E.M., Mohammed, E.E., Thomson, C.B., Raoul, S., Joussemet, B., Roux, F., Chérel, Y., Lajat, Y., Piraud, M., Benchaouir, R., Hermening, S., Petry, H., Froissart, R., Tardieu, M., Ciron, C., Moullier, P., Parkes, J., Kline, K.L., Maire, I., Vanier, M.T., Heard, J.M., Colle, M.A. :
Safe, efficient, and reproducible gene therapy of the brain in the dog models of Sanfilippo and Hurler syndromes. Mol Ther 19:251-9, 2011. Pubmed reference: 21139569. DOI: 10.1038/mt.2010.265.
Lyons, JA., Dickson, PI., Wall, JS., Passage, MB., Ellinwood, NM., Kakkis, ED., McEntee, MF. :
Arterial pathology in canine mucopolysaccharidosis-I and response to therapy. Lab Invest 91:665-74, 2011. Pubmed reference: 21383673. DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2011.7.
Newkirk, KM., Atkins, RM., Dickson, PI., Rohrbach, BW., McEntee, MF. :
Ocular lesions in canine mucopolysaccharidosis I and response to enzyme replacement therapy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 52:5130-5, 2011. Pubmed reference: 21436264. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.10-6751.
2010 Dickson, PI., Hanson, S., McEntee, MF., Vite, CH., Vogler, CA., Mlikotic, A., Chen, AH., Ponder, KP., Haskins, ME., Tippin, BL., Le, SQ., Passage, MB., Guerra, C., Dierenfeld, A., Jens, J., Snella, E., Kan, SH., Ellinwood, NM. :
Early versus late treatment of spinal cord compression with long-term intrathecal enzyme replacement therapy in canine mucopolysaccharidosis type I. Mol Genet Metab 101:115-22, 2010. Pubmed reference: 20655780. DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2010.06.020.
Dierenfeld, AD., McEntee, MF., Vogler, CA., Vite, CH., Chen, AH., Passage, M., Le, S., Shah, S., Jens, JK., Snella, EM., Kline, KL., Parkes, JD., Ware, WA., Moran, LE., Fales-Williams, AJ., Wengert, JA., Whitley, RD., Betts, DM., Boal, AM., Riedesel, EA., Gross, W., Ellinwood, NM., Dickson, PI. :
Replacing the enzyme alpha-L-iduronidase at birth ameliorates symptoms in the brain and periphery of dogs with mucopolysaccharidosis type I. Sci Transl Med 2:60ra89, 2010. Pubmed reference: 21123810. DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3001380.
Hordeaux, J., Deniaud, J., Bemelmans, I., Bertrand, L., Moreau, S., Amiaud, J., Wyers, M., Cherel, Y., Colle, MA. :
Histopathologic Changes of the Ear in Canine Models of Mucopolysaccharidosis Types I and VII. Vet Pathol , 2010. Pubmed reference: 20930106. DOI: 10.1177/0300985810384413.
Metcalf, JA., Linders, B., Wu, S., Bigg, P., O'Donnell, P., Sleeper, MM., Whyte, MP., Haskins, M., Ponder, KP. :
Upregulation of elastase activity in aorta in mucopolysaccharidosis I and VII dogs may be due to increased cytokine expression. Mol Genet Metab 99:396-407, 2010. Pubmed reference: 20044292. DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2009.12.003.
2009 Carlstrom, LP., Jens, JK., Dobyns, ME., Passage, M., Dickson, PI., Ellinwood, NM. :
Inadvertent propagation of factor VII deficiency in a canine mucopolysaccharidosis type I research breeding colony. Comp Med 59:378-82, 2009. Pubmed reference: 19712579.
Passage, MB., Krieger, AW., Peinovich, MC., Lester, T., Le, SQ., Dickson, PI., Kakkis, ED. :
Continuous infusion of enzyme replacement therapy is inferior to weekly infusions in MPS I dogs. J Inherit Metab Dis , 2009. Pubmed reference: 19562502. DOI: 10.1007/s10545-009-1198-5.
2008 Dickson, P., Peinovich, M., Mcentee, M., Lester, T., Le, S., Krieger, A., Manuel, H., Jabagat, C., Passage, M., Kakkis, ED. :
Immune tolerance improves the efficacy of enzyme replacement therapy in canine mucopolysaccharidosis I. J Clin Invest 118:2868-76, 2008. Pubmed reference: 18654672. DOI: 10.1172/JCI36521.
Herati, RS., Knox, VW., O'Donnell, P., D'Angelo, M., Haskins, ME., Ponder, KP. :
Radiographic evaluation of bones and joints in mucopolysaccharidosis I and VII dogs after neonatal gene therapy. Mol Genet Metab 95:142-51, 2008. Pubmed reference: 18707908. DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2008.07.003.
2007 Traas, AM., Wang, P., Ma, X., Tittiger, M., Schaller, L., O'Donnell, P., Sleeper, MM., Vite, C., Herati, R., Aguirre, GD., Haskins, M., Ponder, KP. :
Correction of clinical manifestations of canine mucopolysaccharidosis I with neonatal retroviral vector gene therapy. Mol Ther 15:1423-31, 2007. Pubmed reference: 17519893. DOI: 10.1038/sj.mt.6300201.
2004 Kakkis, E., Mcentee, M., Vogler, C., Le, S., Levy, B., Belichenko, P., Mobley, W., Dickson, P., Hanson, S., Passage, M. :
Intrathecal enzyme replacement therapy reduces lysosomal storage in the brain and meninges of the canine model of MPS I. Mol Genet Metab 83:163-74, 2004. Pubmed reference: 15464431. DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2004.07.003.
2002 Meertens, L., Zhao, Y.J., Rosic-Kablar, S., Li, L.H., Chan, K., Dobson, H., Gartley, C., Lutzko, C., Hopwood, J., Kohn, D., Kruth, S., Hough, M.R., Dube, I.D. :
In utero injection of alpha-L-iduronidase-carrying retrovirus in canine mucopolysaccharidosis type I: Infection of multiple tissues and neonatal gene expression Human Gene Therapy 13:1809-1820, 2002. Pubmed reference: 12396614. DOI: 10.1089/104303402760372918.
1999 Lutzko, C., Kruth, S., Abrams-Ogg, A.C.G., Lau, K., Li, L.H., Clark, B.R., Ruedy, C., Nanji, S., Foster, R., Kohn, D., Shull, R., Dube, I.D. :
Genetically corrected autologous stem cells engraft, but host immune responses limit their utility in canine alpha-L-iduronidase deficiency Blood 93:1895-1905, 1999. Pubmed reference: 10068662.
Lutzko, C., Omori, F., Abrams-Ogg, A.C.G., Shull, R., Li, L.H., Lau, K., Ruedy, C., Nanji, S., Gartley, C., Dobson, H., Foster, R., Kruth, S., Dube, I.D. :
Gene therapy for canine alpha-L-iduronidase deficiency: In utero adoptive transfer of genetically corrected hematopoietic progenitors results in engraftment but not amelioration of disease Human Gene Therapy 10:1521-1532, 1999. Pubmed reference: 10395377. DOI: 10.1089/10430349950017851.
1998 Mcentee, M.F., Wright, K.N., Wanless, I., Denovo, R., Schneider, J.F., Shull, R. :
Noncirrhotic portal hypertension and nodular regenerative hyperplasia of the liver in dogs with mucopolysaccharidosis type I Hepatology 28:385-390, 1998. Pubmed reference: 9696001. DOI: 10.1002/hep.510280214.
1996 Kakkis, E.D., Mcentee, M.F., Schmidtchen, A., Neufeld, E.F., Ward, D.A., Gompf, R.E., Kania, S., Bedolla, C., Chien, S.L., Shull, R.M. :
Long-term and high-dose trials of enzyme replacement therapy in the canine model of mucopolysaccharidosis Biochemical & Molecular Medicine 58:156-167, 1996.
Kruth, S. :
Canine models for gene therapy Transfusion Science 17:71-77, 1996.
Shull, R., Lu, X.C., Dube, I., Lutzko, C., Kruth, S., Abramsogg, A., Kiem, H.P., Goehle, S., Schuening, F., Millan, C., Carter, R. :
Humoral immune response limits gene therapy in canine MPS I Blood 88:377-379, 1996. Pubmed reference: 8704199.
Shull, R.M., Lu, X.C., Mcentee, M.F., Bright, R.M., Pepper, K.A., Kohn, D.B. :
Myoblast gene therapy in canine mucopolysaccharidosis i - abrogation by an immune response to alpha-l-iduronidase Human Gene Therapy 7:1595-1603, 1996. Pubmed reference: 8864760. DOI: 10.1089/hum.1996.7.13-1595.
1994 Shull, R.M., Kakkis, E.D., Mcentee, M.F., Kania, S.A., Jonas, A.J., Neufeld, E.F. :
Enzyme replacement in a canine model of Hurler syndrome Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 91:12937-12941, 1994. Pubmed reference: 7809150.
1992 Menon, K.P., Tieu, P.T., Neufeld, E.F. :
Architecture of the Canine IDUA Gene and Mutation Underlying Canine Mucopolysaccharidosis-I Genomics 14:763-768, 1992. Pubmed reference: 1339393.
Stoltzfus, L.J., Sosapineda, B., Moskowitz, S.M., Menon, K.P., Dlott, B., Hooper, L., Teplow, D.B., Shull, R.M., Neufeld, E.F. :
Cloning and Characterization of cDNA Encoding Canine alpha-L- Iduronidase - Messenger RNA Deficiency in Mucopolysaccharidosis-I Dog Journal of Biological Chemistry 267:6570-6575, 1992. Pubmed reference: 1551868.
1990 Gompf, R.E., Shull, R.M., Breider, M.A., Scott, J.A., Constantopoulos, G.C. :
Cardiovascular Changes After Bone Marrow Transplantation in Dogs with Mucopolysaccharidosis-I American Journal of Veterinary Research 51:2054-2060, 1990. Pubmed reference: 2150744.
1989 Breider, M.A., Shull, R.M., Constantopoulos, G. :
Long-Term Effects of Bone Marrow Transplantation in Dogs with Mucopolysaccharidosis 1 American Journal of Pathology 134:677-692, 1989. Pubmed reference: 2493739.
Constantopoulos, G., Scott, J.A., Shull, R.M. :
Corneal Opacity in Canine MPS-I - Changes After Bone Marrow Transplantation Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 30:1802-1807, 1989. Pubmed reference: 2503461.
1982 Shull, R.M., Munger, R.J., Spellacy, E., Hall, C.W., Constantopoulos, G., Neufeld, E.F. :
Canine alpha-L-iduronidase deficiency. A model of mucopolysaccharidosis I. Am J Pathol 109:244-8, 1982. Pubmed reference: 6215865.

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