OMIA:002270-9031 : Ptilopody (Feathered shank), PITX1-related in Gallus gallus (chicken) |
In other species: rock pigeon
Categories: Limbs / fins / digit / tail phene
Possibly relevant human trait(s) and/or gene(s)s (MIM numbers): 119800 (trait) , 186550 (trait) , 602149 (gene)
Links to MONDO diseases: No links.
Mendelian trait/disorder: yes
Considered a defect: no
Key variant known: yes
Year key variant first reported: 2020
Species-specific symbol: Pti-2
History: The first published report of this trait was by Hurst (1905). Other early reports were by Davenport (1906, 1909) and Punnett and Bailey (1918).
Inheritance: Up to three separate loci have been postulated to explain the inheritance of this ptilopody, with the trait being due to dominant alleles at two loci and a recessive allele at the third locus; hence the symbols Pti-1, Pti-2 and pti-3 (Somes, 1990; 1992). If more than one locus is confirmed, separate OMIA entries will be created for each locus. At present, the jury is still out. The preceding text was written before 2020. In 2020, the jury (in the form of Li et al. (2020) and Bortoluzzi et al. (2020)) returned its stunning verdict! Pti-1 is the gene TBX5 (OMIA 000839-9031), corresponding to the GGA15 QTL reported by Sun et al. (2015); and Pti-2 is the gene PITX1 (this entry), corresponding to the GGA13 region reported by Dorshorst et al. (2010) and to the GGA13 QTL reported by Sun et al. (2015).
Mapping: Dorshorst et al. (2010) tentatively mapped one ptilopody locus to 15.6Mb on chromosome GGA13. Sun et al. (2015): "Two QTL with 1% genome-wide significant level for feathered feet trait, one 9-cM/2.80-Mb (48.0-57.0/13.40-16.20 Mb) region on GGA13, and another 12-cM/1.45-Mb (41.0−53.0 cM/11.37−12.82 Mb) region on GGA15 were identified". Whole-genome sequencing of a full-sib family in which leg-feathering was segregating enabled Yang et al. (2019) to identify "a total of 24 promising candidate genes potentially affecting feathered-leg trait, i.e. FGF1, FGF4, FGF10, FGFR1, FRZB, WNT1, WNT3A, WNT11, PCDH1, PCDH10, PCDH19, SOX3, BMP2, NOTCH2, TGF-β2, DLX5, REPS2, SCN3B, TCF20, FGF3, FSTL1, WNT7B, ELOVL2 and FGF8." A GWAS conducted by Bortoluzzi et al. (2020) "revealed two significant signals on chromosome 13 and 15". Li et al. (2020) linkage mapped this trait to similar regions on chromosomes 13 and 15.
Molecular basis: In adjacent papers published on the same day in the same journal, Bortoluzzi et al. (2020) and Li et al. (2020) reported that the feathered variant of Pti-2 is a 17.7kb deletion upstream of PITX1. Intriguingly, this deletion is orthologous to the 44kb deletion upstream of PIX1 that gives rise to the same feathered trait in pigeons (see OMIA 002270-8932)
Genetic engineering:
Unknown
Have human generated variants been created, e.g. through genetic engineering and gene editing
Associated gene:
| Symbol | Description | Species | Chr | Location | OMIA gene details page | Other Links |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PITX1 | paired-like homeodomain 1 | Gallus gallus | 13 | NC_052544.1 (15208701..15223907) | PITX1 | Homologene, Ensembl , NCBI gene |
Variants
By default, variants are sorted chronologically by year of publication, to provide a historical perspective.
Readers can re-sort on any column by clicking on the column header. Click it again to sort in a descending
order. To create a multiple-field sort, hold down Shift while clicking on the second, third etc relevant column
headers.
WARNING! Inclusion of a variant in this table does not automatically mean that it should be used for DNA testing. Anyone contemplating the use of any of these variants for DNA testing should examine critically the relevant evidence (especially in breeds other than the breed in which the variant was first described). If it is decided to proceed, the location and orientation of the variant sequence should be checked very carefully.
Since October 2021, OMIA includes a semiautomated lift-over pipeline to facilitate updates of genomic positions to a recent reference genome position. These changes to genomic positions are not always reflected in the ‘acknowledgements’ or ‘verbal description’ fields in this table.
| OMIA Variant ID | Breed(s) | Variant Phenotype | Gene | Allele | Type of Variant | Source of Genetic Variant | Reference Sequence | Chr. | g. or m. | c. or n. | p. | Verbal Description | EVA ID | Inferred EVA rsID | Year Published | PubMed ID(s) | Acknowledgements |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1211 | Feathered shanks | PITX1 | deletion, gross (>20) | Naturally occurring variant | GRCg6a | 13 | g.16089993_16107660del | a 17.7kb deletion upstream of PITX1. | 2020 | 32344431 32344429 |
Cite this entry
Nicholas, F. W., Tammen, I., & Sydney Informatics Hub. (2020). OMIA:002270-9031: Online Mendelian Inheritance in Animals (OMIA) [dataset]. https://omia.org/. https://doi.org/10.25910/2AMR-PV70
References
Note: the references are listed in reverse chronological order (from the most recent year to the earliest year), and alphabetically by first author within a year.
| 2023 | Cooper, R.L., Milinkovitch, M.C. : |
| Transient agonism of the sonic hedgehog pathway triggers a permanent transition of skin appendage fate in the chicken embryo. Sci Adv 9:eadg9619, 2023. Pubmed reference: 37196093. DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg9619. | |
| Du, W., Yang, Z., Xiao, C., Liu, Y., Peng, J., Li, J., Li, F., Yang, X. : | |
| Identification of genes involved in regulating the development of feathered feet in chicken embryo. Poult Sci 102:102837, 2023. Pubmed reference: 37390552. DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102837. | |
| 2020 | Bortoluzzi, C., Megens, H.J., Bosse, M., Derks, M.F.L., Dibbits, B., Laport, K., Weigend, S., Groenen, M.A.M., Crooijmans, R.P.M.A. : |
| Parallel genetic origin of foot feathering in birds. Mol Biol Evol 37:2465-2476, 2020. Pubmed reference: 32344429. DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msaa092. | |
| Li, J., Lee, M., Davis, B.W., Lamichhaney, S., Dorshorst, B.J., Siegel, P.B., Andersson, L. : | |
| Mutations upstream of the TBX5 and PITX1 transcription factor genes are associated with feathered legs in the domestic chicken. Mol Biol Evol , 2020. Pubmed reference: 32344431. DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msaa093. | |
| 2019 | Otecko, N.O., Ogali, I., Ng'ang'a, S.I., Mauki, D.H., Ogada, S., Moraa, G.K., Lichoti, J., Agwanda, B., Peng, M.S., Ommeh, S.C., Zhang, Y.P. : |
| Phenotypic and morphometric differentiation of indigenous chickens from Kenya and other tropical countries augments perspectives for genetic resource improvement and conservation. Poult Sci 98:2747-2755, 2019. Pubmed reference: 30850827. DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez097. | |
| Yang, S., Shi, Z., Ou, X., Liu, G. : | |
| Whole-genome resequencing reveals genetic indels of feathered-leg traits in domestic chickens. J Genet 98, 2019. Pubmed reference: 31204699. | |
| 2016 | Domyan, E.T., Kronenberg, Z., Infante, C.R., Vickrey, A.I., Stringham, S.A., Bruders, R., Guernsey, M.W., Park, S., Payne, J., Beckstead, R.B., Kardon, G., Menke, D.B., Yandell, M., Shapiro, M.D. : |
| Molecular shifts in limb identity underlie development of feathered feet in two domestic avian species. Elife 5:e12115, 2016. Pubmed reference: 26977633. DOI: 10.7554/eLife.12115. | |
| 2010 | Dorshorst, B., Okimoto, R., Ashwell, C. : |
| Genomic regions associated with dermal hyperpigmentation, polydactyly and other morphological traits in the Silkie chicken. J Hered 101:339-50, 2010. Pubmed reference: 20064842. DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esp120. | |
| 2003 | Bartels, T. : |
| Variations in the morphology, distribution, and arrangement of feathers in domesticated birds. J Exp Zool B Mol Dev Evol 298:91-108, 2003. Pubmed reference: 12949771. DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.28. | |
| Sawyer, R.H., Knapp, L.W. : | |
| Avian skin development and the evolutionary origin of feathers. J Exp Zool B Mol Dev Evol 298:57-72, 2003. Pubmed reference: 12949769. DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.26. | |
| 1993 | Shoffner, R.N., Otis, J.S., Garwood, V.A. : |
| Association of dominant marker traits and metric traits in chickens. Poultry Science 72:1405-1410, 1993. Pubmed reference: 8378215. | |
| 1992 | Somes, R.G. : |
| Identifying the Ptilopody (Feathered Shank) Loci of the Chicken Journal of Heredity 83:230-234, 1992. Pubmed reference: 1624770. | |
| 1990 | Somes, R.G. Jr : |
| Mutations and major variants of plumage and skin in chickens. In "Poultry Breeding and Genetics" (ed. R.D. Crawford), Elsevier, Amsterdam; Chapter 6 :169-208, 1990. | |
| 1971 | Goetinck, P.F. : |
| Genetic tests on the association of brachydactyly and ptilopody in fowl. J Hered 62:28-30, 1971. Pubmed reference: 5094713. | |
| 1967 | Goetinck, P.F. : |
| Tissue interactions in the development of ptilopody and brachydactyly in the chick embryo. J Exp Zool 165:293-300, 1967. Pubmed reference: 4292956. DOI: 10.1002/jez.1401650213. | |
| 1954 | Saeki, Y. : |
| Inheritance of shank feathering (ptilopody) in silky fowl Bulletin of the National Institute of Agricultural Science, Japan, Series G :43-47, 1954. | |
| 1949 | Warren, DC. : |
| Linkage relations of autosomal factors in the fowl. Genetics 34:333-50, 1949. Pubmed reference: 17247319. | |
| 1938 | Fisher, R.A. : |
| Dominance in poultry - Feathered feet, rose comb, internal pigment and pile. Proceedings of the Royal Society, Series B: Biological Sciences 125:25-48, 1938. | |
| 1933 | Warren, D.C. : |
| Nine independently inherited autosomal factors in the domestic fowl. Genetics 18:68-81, 1933. Pubmed reference: 17246678. | |
| 1927 | Dunn, L.C., Jull, M.A. : |
| On the inheritance of some characters of the Silky fowl Journal of Genetics 19:27-63, 1927. | |
| 1926 | Serebrovsky, A.S. : |
| The genetics of the domestic fowl. II. The genetics of leg feathering. Memoirs of the Anikowo Genetical Station, 1926. [Abstracted by L. C. Dunn from the translation of B. F. Glessing] Journal of Heredity 20:111-118, 1926. | |
| 1918 | Punnett, R.C., Bailey, P.G. : |
| Genetic studies in poultry. I. Inheritance of leg feathering Journal of Genetics 7:203-213, 1918. | |
| 1909 | Davenport, C.B. : |
| Inheritance of characteristics in the domestic fowl Washington, D.C.: Carnegie Institution of Washington. Publication 121 :1-100, 1909. | |
| 1906 | Davenport, C.B. : |
| "Inheritance in poultry". Washington, D.C.: Carnegie Institution of Washington. Publication 52. :1-136, 1906. DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.29926. | |
| 1905 | Hurst, C.C. : |
| Experiments with poultry. Reports to the Evolution Committee of the Royal Society 2:131-154, 1905. |
Edit History
- Created by Frank Nicholas on 24 May 2020
- Changed by Frank Nicholas on 03 Jun 2020
- Changed by Frank Nicholas on 09 Jun 2020