OMIA:001997-9986 : Achondroplasia-2 in Oryctolagus cuniculus (rabbit)

Categories: Skeleton phene (incl. short stature & teeth)

Mendelian trait/disorder: yes

Mode of inheritance: Autosomal recessive

Disease-related: yes

Key variant known: no

Species-specific symbol: ac-2

History: This form of disproportionate dwarfism was first reported by Crary and Sawin (1952), who suggested the symbol 'da' (without any explanation) for the mutant recessive gene. Also without explanation, Sawin and Crary (1959) and Sawin et al. (1959) referred to this mutant as the "dachs" mutant, possibly as an indication of similarity with the disproportionate dwarfism of dachshund dogs. These authors also reversed the notation of the alleles, referring to the mutant allele as 'Da' and the wild type as 'da'. Their data, however, were more consistent with the mutant being recessive. Confusingly, Robinson (1958) used the symbol 'ac-2' for this mutation, and allocated the symbol 'da' to Dwarfism, Dahlem (OMIA:001998-9986).

Inheritance: Sawin and Crary (1959) reported many body measurements that suggested a relatively small effect of the mutant gene in heterozygotes.

Clinical features: Sawin and Crary (1959): "The homozygous dachs manifests certain of the typical characteristics of chondrodystrophy but there are certain unique differences. Diminished size and shortening of the limbs appear to be consistent but variable in their expression. Hyperplasia of cartilage in the region of the metaphysis and any profound enlargement of the head seem to be absent except as they may be secondary manifestations or are mildly expressed by individual bone measurements. The depression at the nasion appears to have migrated posteriorly and is accompanied by depression and shift of the orbit and optic foramen. Associated with these are highly localized disproportionate differences which are unlike those noted in any other inherited chondrodystrophy thus far described." As summarised by Robinson (1958, p. 341), "The present case differs from . . . [Achondroplasia-1; OMIA 001996-9986] in several respects. The animals are fully viable and appear quite normal at birth but when adult have the characteristic short legs. Externally the achondroplasia can be recognised by a small cartilaginous papilla arising at the base of the ear. This is present at hirth but is not fully detectable until the ear flap opens at approximately the sixth day and the papilla separates from the remainder of the ear. X-ray plates reveal abnormalities of the leg bones which at a later age may result in crippled legs and a peculiar undulating gait. Dislocations of the hip or knee may appear and become more pronounced as maternity is reached, interfering with normal and successful mating. However, it has been possible to produce young from one [homozygous] female by a normal male. Ear carriage is modified so that it tends to project downward and outward instead of upward and backward. SAWIN (1955) notes that the heterozygote . . . possesses a remnant of the papilla in the same relative position at the ear base."

Cite this entry

Nicholas, F. W., Tammen, I., & Sydney Informatics Hub. (2024). OMIA:001997-9986: Online Mendelian Inheritance in Animals (OMIA) [dataset]. https://omia.org/. https://doi.org/10.25910/2AMR-PV70

References

Note: the references are listed in reverse chronological order (from the most recent year to the earliest year), and alphabetically by first author within a year.

1965 Sawin, P.B., Trask, M. :
Morphogenetic studies of the rabbit. XXXV. Pleiotropic effects of the Dachs gene and the gradient growth pattern. J Morphol 117:87-114, 1965. Pubmed reference: 14336226. DOI: 10.1002/jmor.1051170106.
1964 Crary, D.D. :
Development of the external ear in the dachs rabbit. Anat Rec 150:441-7, 1964. Pubmed reference: 14248315. DOI: 10.1002/ar.1091500413.
1963 Lamb, N.P., Sawin, P.B. :
Morphogenetic studies of the rabbit. XXXIII. Cartilages and muscles of the external ear as affected by the dachs gene (Da). Am J Anat 113:365-88, 1963. Pubmed reference: 14072363. DOI: 10.1002/aja.1001130303.
1962 Lamb, N.P., Sawin, P.B. :
Morphology of the external ear of the dachs (chondrodystrophy) rabbit American Zoologist 2:421-422, 1962.
Sawin, P.B., Ranlett, M., Crary, D.D. :
Morphogenetic studies of the rabbit. XXIX. Accessory ossification centers at the occipitovertebral articulation of the dachs (chondrodystrophy) rabbit. Am J Anat 111:239-57, 1962. Pubmed reference: 13986942. DOI: 10.1002/aja.1001110302.
1959 Sawin, P.B., Crary, D.D., Webster, J. :
Morphogenetic Studies of the Rabbit. XXIII. the Effects of the Dachs Gene Da (Chondrodystrophy) upon Linear and Lateral Growth of the Skeleton as Influenced in Time. Genetics 44:609-24, 1959. Pubmed reference: 17247845. DOI: 10.1093/genetics/44.4.609.
Sawin, P.B., Ranlett, M., Crary, D.D. :
Morphogenetic studies of the rabbit. XXV. The spheno-occipital synchondrosis of the dachs (chondrodystrophy) rabbit. Am J Anat 105:257-80, 1959. Pubmed reference: 14442107. DOI: 10.1002/aja.1001050206.
1958 Crary, D.D., Sawin, P.B., Atkinson, N. :
Morphogenetic studies of the rabbit. XXI. The nature of disproportionate dwarfism induced by the Da gene revealed by the early fetal ossification pattern American Journal of Anatomy 103:69-97, 1958. Pubmed reference: 13626838. DOI: 10.1002/aja.1001030104.
Robinson, R. :
Genetic studies of the rabbit. Bibliographia Genetica 17:229–558, 1958.
1955 Sawin, P.B. :
Recent genetics of the domestic rabbit. Adv Genet 7:183-226, 1955. Pubmed reference: 13258375. DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2660(08)60096-6.
1952 Crary, D.D., Sawin, P.B. :
A second achondroplasia in the rabbit Journal of Heredity 43:255-259, 1952.

Edit History


  • Created by Frank Nicholas on 28 Apr 2016
  • Changed by Frank Nicholas on 28 Apr 2016
  • Changed by Frank Nicholas on 03 May 2016
  • Changed by Imke Tammen2 on 03 Sep 2024