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OMIA:002328-9615 : Behaviour in Canis lupus familiaris (dog)

In other species: rainbow trout , Atlantic salmon , Japanese medaka , African ostrich , Mallard , Muscovy duck , chicken , Great Tit , white-tufted-ear marmoset , macaques , Rhesus monkey , Yellow baboon , hamadryas baboon , pygmy chimpanzee , chimpanzee , domestic cat , mountain zebra , Grevy's zebra , domestic horse , pig , Arabian camel , taurine cattle , indicine cattle (zebu) , goat , sheep , rabbit , deer mice , Common magpie , blackcap , plains zebra , water buffalo , Swainson's thrush , Japanese quail , Guinea baboon , two-lined salamander , Tibetan ground-tit , burrowing owl , North Island robin , Australian zebra finch

Categories: Behaviour / neurological phene

Single-gene trait/disorder: no

Mode of inheritance: Multifactorial

Disease-related: unknown

Key variant known: no

Breeds: Belgian Shepherd Dog, Malinois (Dog) (VBO_0200147), English Cocker Spaniel (Dog) (VBO_0200486), French Pointing Dog - Pyrenean Type (Dog) (VBO_0200546), German Shepherd Dog (Dog) (VBO_0200577), Labrador Retriever (Dog) (VBO_0200800).
Breeds in which the phene or likely causal variants have been documented. If a likely causal variant has been documented, see variant-specific breed information in the variant table. (Breed information may be incomplete).

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Cite this entry

Nicholas, F. W., Tammen, I., & Sydney Informatics Hub. (2024). OMIA:002328-9615: Online Mendelian Inheritance in Animals (OMIA) [dataset]. https://omia.org/. https://doi.org/10.25910/2AMR-PV70

References

Note: the references are listed in reverse chronological order (from the most recent year to the earliest year), and alphabetically by first author within a year.

2025 Alex, E., Gennotte, P., Morros Nuevo, A., Yu, Y., Keep, B., Sullivan, M., Mills, D., Warrier, V., Raffan, E. :
GWAS for behavioral traits in golden retrievers identifies genes implicated in human temperament, mental health, and cognition. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 122:e2421757122, 2025. Pubmed reference: 41284867. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2421757122.
Arahori, M., Matsumoto, Y., Akiyama, N., Inoue-Murayama, M. :
Differences in allele frequencies of personality-related genes in three varieties of Shiba Inu in Japan. Anim Genet 56:e70012, 2025. Pubmed reference: 40277026. DOI: 10.1111/age.70012.
Csibra, B., Bunford, N., Gácsi, M. :
Development of a human analogue ADHD diagnostic system for family dogs. Sci Rep 15:25671, 2025. Pubmed reference: 40664876. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-09988-8.
Espinosa, J., Zapata, I., Alvarez, C.E., Serpell, J.A., Kukekova, A.V., Hecht, E.E. :
Influence of early life adversity and breed on aggression and fear in dogs. Sci Rep 15:32590, 2025. Pubmed reference: 41039027. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-18226-0.
Hilby, E.K., Rendahl, A., Russenberger, J., Zimmermann, M., Mickelson, J.R., McCue, M.E. :
Temporal consistency of behavior trait measurements in guide dogs. Front Vet Sci 12:1549360, 2025. Pubmed reference: 40687087. DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2025.1549360.
Jeong, H., Ostrander, E.A., Kim, J. :
Genomic evidence for behavioral adaptation of herding dogs. Sci Adv 11:eadp4591, 2025. Pubmed reference: 40305603. DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adp4591.
Lord, K.A., Larson, G., Murphy, W.J., Ostrander, E.A. :
Genomic ancestry, behavior, and the domestication of the dog. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 122:e2528616122, 2025. Pubmed reference: 41284861. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2528616122.
Lord, K.A., Sohrab, V., Bryc, K., White, M.E., Kenney, B., Morrill Pirovich, K., Chen, F.L., Karlsson, E.K. :
Genetic testing predicts appearance but not behavior in dogs. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 122:e2421752122, 2025. Pubmed reference: 41284863. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2421752122.
Mazzini, A., Senn, K., Monteleone, F., Riemer, S. :
Addictive-like behavioural traits in pet dogs with extreme motivation for toy play. Sci Rep 15:32613, 2025. Pubmed reference: 41068197. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-18636-0.
Pongrácz, P., Dobos, P. :
Natural born detourers modern utility dog breeds show ancestry-based superiority in social learning capacity in a detour task. Evol Appl 18:e70151, 2025. Pubmed reference: 40881942. DOI: 10.1111/eva.70151.
Sartore, S., Moretti, R., Chessa, S., Sacchi, P. :
Genetic and gene-by-environment influences on aggressiveness in dogs: A systematic review from 2000 to 2024. Animals (Basel) 15:2267, 2025. Pubmed reference: 40805055. DOI: 10.3390/ani15152267.
Thorsrud, J.A., Evans, K.M., Quigley, C.K., Srikanth, K., Reverter, A., Porto-Neto, L.R., Huson, H.J. :
Breeding values and index creation for health and behavior traits in Labrador Retriever guide dogs. Front Vet Sci 12:1628161, 2025. Pubmed reference: 41001060. DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2025.1628161.
Thorsrud, J.A., Evans, K.M., Quigley, K.C., Srikanth, K., Huson, H.J. :
Performance comparison of genomic best linear unbiased prediction and four machine learning models for estimating genomic breeding values in working dogs. Animals (Basel) 15:408, 2025. Pubmed reference: 39943178. DOI: 10.3390/ani15030408.
Zemmoto, C., Matsumoto, Y., Arahori, M., Inoue-Murayama, M. :
Genome-wide study suggests inheritance of personality traits in Toy Poodles and Miniature Dachshunds. Anim Genet 56:e13508, 2025. Pubmed reference: 39888050. DOI: 10.1111/age.13508.
2024 Bhowmik, N., Cook, S.R., Croney, C., Barnard, S., Romaniuk, A.C., Ekenstedt, K.J. :
Heritability and genome-wide association study of dog behavioral phenotypes in a commercial breeding cohort. Genes (Basel) 15:1611, 2024. Pubmed reference: 39766878. DOI: 10.3390/genes15121611.
Csibra, B., Bunford, N., Gácsi, M. :
Development of a human-analogue, 3-symptom domain Dog ADHD and Functionality Rating Scale (DAFRS). Sci Rep 14:1808, 2024. Pubmed reference: 38245569. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51924-9.
Fallahi, M., Masoudi, A.A., Torshizi, R.V. :
Genetic variants in the TAC1 transcriptional regulatory region affect on trainability and excitability levels in Belgian Malinois dogs. Vet Med Sci 10:e1346, 2024. Pubmed reference: 38227710. DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1346.
Farrell, S., Anderson, K., Noble, P.M., Al Moubayed, N. :
Premature mortality analysis of 52,000 deceased cats and dogs exposes socioeconomic disparities. Sci Rep 14:28763, 2024. Pubmed reference: 39567516. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-77385-8.
Gnanadesikan, G.E., Bray, E.E., Cook, E.N., Levy, K.M., Douglas, L.E.L.C., Kennedy, B.S., Tecot, S.R., MacLean, E.L. :
Basal plasma oxytocin & fecal cortisol concentrations are highly heritable and associated with individual differences in behavior & cognition in dog puppies. Horm Behav 165:S0018-506X(24)00137-5:105612, 2024. Pubmed reference: 39116461. DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2024.105612.
Gnanadesikan, G.E., Tandon, D., Bray, E.E., Kennedy, B.S., Tennenbaum, S.R., MacLean, E.L., vonHoldt, B.M. :
Transposons in the Williams-Beuren Syndrome Critical Region are Associated with Social Behavior in Assistance Dogs. Behav Genet 54:196-211, 2024. Pubmed reference: 38091228. DOI: 10.1007/s10519-023-10166-7.
González-Martínez, Á., Muñiz de Miguel, S., Diéguez, F.J. :
New advances in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder-like dogs. Animals (Basel) 14:2067, 2024. Pubmed reference: 39061529. DOI: 10.3390/ani14142067.
Lasserre, B., Ducreux, B., Chassier, M., Joly, L., Cacheux, P., Le Morzadec, T., Dayde-Fonda, S., Gilbert, C. :
Testing and characterization of herding dogs' behaviours. J Anim Sci 102:skae157, 2024. Pubmed reference: 38902885. DOI: 10.1093/jas/skae157.
Lord, K.A., Chen, F.L., Karlsson, E.K. :
An evolutionary perspective on dog behavioral genetics. Annu Rev Anim Biosci 13:167-188, 2024. Pubmed reference: 39413150. DOI: 10.1146/annurev-animal-111523-101954.
Mahmoodi, M., Mehrgardi, A.A., Momen, M., Serpell, J.A., Esmailizadeh, A. :
Deciphering the genetic basis of behavioral traits in dogs: Observed-trait GWAS and latent-trait GWAS analysis reveal key genes and variants. Vet J 308:106251, 2024. Pubmed reference: 39368730. DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106251.
Mastrangelo, S., Biscarini, F., Riggio, S., Ragatzu, M., Spaterna, A., Cendron, F., Ciampolini, R. :
Genome-wide association study for morphological and hunting-behavior traits in Braque Français Type Pyrénées dogs: A preliminary study. Vet J 306:S1090-0233(24)00128-X:106189, 2024. Pubmed reference: 38945428. DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106189.
Pongrácz, P., Dobos, P. :
Behavioural differences and similarities between dog breeds: proposing an ecologically valid approach for canine behavioural research. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 100:68-84, 2024. Pubmed reference: 39101379. DOI: 10.1111/brv.13128.
Tandon, D., Kubinyi, E., Sándor, S., Faughnan, H., Miklósi, Á., vonHoldt, B.M. :
Canine hyper-sociability structural variants associated with altered three-dimensional chromatin state. BMC Genomics 25:767, 2024. Pubmed reference: 39112925. DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10614-6.
2023 Bai, J., Chen, S., Zhou, Z., Zhao, X., Song, M., Wang, F., Wang, J. :
Association between TH/MAOB gene single nucleotide polymorphisms and excitability in Labrador Retrievers. Anim Genet 54:570-575, 2023. Pubmed reference: 37185969. DOI: 10.1111/age.13326.
Engdahl, K.S., Brodbelt, D.C., Cameron, C., Church, D.B., Hedhammar, Å., O'Neill, D.G. :
Demography and disorders of English Cocker Spaniels under primary veterinary care in the UK. Canine Med Genet 10:4, 2023. Pubmed reference: 37202773. DOI: 10.1186/s40575-023-00128-x.
Eyre, A.W., Zapata, I., Hare, E., Serpell, J.A., Otto, C.M., Alvarez, C.E. :
Machine learning prediction and classification of behavioral selection in a canine olfactory detection program. Sci Rep 13:12489, 2023. Pubmed reference: 37528118. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39112-7.
Handegård, K.W., Storengen, L.M., Joergensen, D., Lingaas, F. :
Genomic analysis of firework fear and noise reactivity in standard poodles. Canine Med Genet 10:2, 2023. Pubmed reference: 36890545. DOI: 10.1186/s40575-023-00125-0.
Matsumoto, Y., Konno, A., Ishihara, G., Inoue-Murayama, M. :
Genetic dissection of behavioral traits related to successful training of drug detection dogs. Sci Rep 13:7326, 2023. Pubmed reference: 37147374. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33638-6.
Morrill, K., Chen, F., Karlsson, E. :
Comparative neurogenetics of dog behavior complements efforts towards human neuropsychiatric genetics. Hum Genet 142:1231-1246, 2023. Pubmed reference: 37578529. DOI: 10.1007/s00439-023-02580-y.
Salonen, M., Mikkola, S., Niskanen, J.E., Hakanen, E., Sulkama, S., Puurunen, J., Lohi, H. :
Breed, age, and social environment are associated with personality traits in dogs. iScience 26:106691, 2023. Pubmed reference: 37168553. DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106691.
Webb, M., Thwaites, B., Mullineaux, E., Calder, C., Waddon, V., Hayes, E., Gaines, S., Flynn, M. :
Dog behaviour influenced by more than genetics. Vet Rec 193:415-416, 2023. Pubmed reference: 37975441. DOI: 10.1002/vetr.3697.
2019 Friedrich, J., Strandberg, E., Arvelius, P., Sánchez-Molano, E., Pong-Wong, R., Hickey, J.M., Haskell, M.J., Wiener, P. :
Genetic dissection of complex behaviour traits in German Shepherd dogs. Heredity (Edinb) 123:746-758, 2019. Pubmed reference: 31611599. DOI: 10.1038/s41437-019-0275-2.
Tandon, D., Ressler, K., Petticord, D., Papa, A., Jiranek, J., Wilkinson, R., Kartzinel, R.Y., Ostrander, E.A., Burney, N., Borden, C., Udell, M.A.R., VonHoldt, B.M. :
Homozygosity for mobile element insertions associated with WBSCR17 could predict success in assistance dog training programs. Genes (Basel) 10:439, 2019. Pubmed reference: 31181852. DOI: 10.3390/genes10060439.
2013 Lit, L., Belanger, J.M., Boehm, D., Lybarger, N., Haverbeke, A., Diederich, C., Oberbauer, A.M. :
Characterization of a dopamine transporter polymorphism and behavior in Belgian Malinois. BMC Genet 14:45, 2013. Pubmed reference: 23718893. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2156-14-45.
Lit, L., Belanger, J.M., Boehm, D., Lybarger, N., Oberbauer, A.M. :
Differences in behavior and activity associated with a poly(a) expansion in the dopamine transporter in Belgian Malinois. PLoS One 8:e82948, 2013. Pubmed reference: 24376613. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082948.

Edit History


  • Created by Imke Tammen2 on 20 Apr 2021
  • Changed by Imke Tammen2 on 20 Apr 2021
  • Changed by Imke Tammen2 on 18 Oct 2021
  • Changed by Imke Tammen2 on 27 Jul 2024