OMIA:000683-9913 : Muscular hypertrophy (double muscling) in Bos taurus (taurine cattle) |
In other species: Japanese flounder , Mallard , rock pigeon , chicken , dog , pig , goat , sheep , rabbit , water buffalo , Japanese quail , red seabream , yellow catfish
Categories: Muscle phene
Links to possible relevant human trait(s) and/or gene(s) in OMIM: 601788 (gene) , 614160 (trait)
Links to relevant human diseases in MONDO:
Mendelian trait/disorder: yes
Mode of inheritance: Autosomal
Disease-related: yes
Key variant known: yes
Year key variant first reported: 1997
Cross-species summary: Abnormal increase in muscular tissue caused entirely by enlargement of existing cells (in contrast to muscular hyperplasia, in which the abnormal increase in muscular tissue is due to the formation and growth of new, normal muscle cells)
Species-specific name: Double muscling; “culón”; horse rump
Species-specific description: The double-muscle trait in cattle is characterised by an increase in muscle mass of approx 20%, resulting in substantially higher meat yield, a higher proportion of expensive cuts of meat, and lean and very tender meat, for which a substantial premium is paid. The trait is autosomal recessive, and the locus has been given the symbol mh. It occurs at such a high frequency in Piedmontese and Belgian Blue cattle that it is characteristic of these breeds. However, it also occurs in other breeds. Along with its obvious advantages, double-muscling also has one major drawback - a greatly increased incidence of calving difficulties, to the extent that Caesarian sections are the rule for deliveries within these breeds. However, its advantages are sufficient that double-muscled cattle play a major role in animal agriculture in several countries, and are found in many countries. In addition to naturally occurring variants for this trait, variants have been created artificially: Genetically-modifed organism; GMO.
History: The double-muscle trait in cattle was first described by Culley (1807).
Mapping: A genome scan using 213 mapped microsatellite markers in a Belgian Blue X Friesian backcross, conducted by Charlier et al. (1995), showed that the mh locus is at the centromeric end of chromosome 2, approximately 3.1 cM from microsatellite TCLA44. In mid 1997, McPherron et al. (1997) published the results of investigations into the gene for myostatin, a member of the transforming-growth-factor-beta-1 superfamily of peptides: mice in which the myostatin gene had been "knocked out" have a phenotype very similar to double-muscling. This immediately suggested a "candidate" gene for mh. Before long, both physical and linkage mapping had shown that myostatin maps to the mh region of bovine chromosome 2 (Grobet et al., 1997; Smith et al., 1997), making it a very likely candidate for the mh gene.
Markers: Lee et al. (2019) reported use of the p.Phe94Leu variant in genomic selection in the Limousin breed.
Molecular basis:
Sequencing of myostatin DNA from homozygous normals and double-muscled cattle revealed an 11-bp deletion (of nucleotides 821 to 831), resulting in a frameshift and subsequent premature termination, in the bioactive carboxy-terminal domain of the gene in Belgian Blue cattle (Grobet et al., 1997; Kambadur et al., 1997; McPherron and Lee, 1997). This is a region that is very highly conserved in the TGF family of peptides. The same mutation is responsible for double-muscling in the Asturiana breed (Grobet et al. 1998; Georges et al., 1998). In contrast, double-muscled Piedmontese cattle have a G-A transition that changes a cysteine residue to a tyrosine in the same highly-conserved region of the gene (Kambadur et al., 1997; McPherron and Lee, 1997). In a screen of 35 double-muscled cattle from 10 European breeds, seven different sequence variants (alleles) were discovered in the coding region of the myostatin gene (Grobet et al., 1998; Georges et al., 1998). Five of these could cause a deficiency of myostatin: the 11bp deletion already described an insertion/deletion in which 10 unrelated bases are inserted in the place a 7 bases that have been deleted at nucleotide 418 a C-T transition at nucleotide 610 a G-T transversion at nucleotide 676 a G-A transition at nucleotide 938 Two other mutants were unlikely to cause a deficiency: a C-A transversion at nucleotide 282 (resulting in a conservative Phe-Leu amino-acid substitution); and a silent C-T transition at nucleotide 414. For most of the breeds, double-muscled animals were homozygous for one of the five harmful mutations, or were compound heterozygotes for two mutants. Obviously, there is considerable genetical heterogeneity in the cause of double muscling. Furthermore, the mutations are not all unique to one breed: two are shared by more than one breed. In addition, two breeds (Limousin and Blond d'Aquitane) have double-muscling but do not have any of the five harmful mutations. Clearly, there are more harmful mutations to be discovered. More importantly, the discovery that mutations in the myostatin gene have a profound effect on meat yield and quality opens the way for elucidating the role of myostatin in meat production, which in turn will suggest novel (possibly non-genetic) ways of enhancing meat yield and quality. Dierks et al. (2015) reported a novel MSTN mutation (c.191T>C, p.Leu64Pro) in double-muscled German Gelbvieh cattle.
Ren et al. (2024) “simultaneously edited three genes in bovine fibroblasts. A knockout of MSTN and PRNP was created and the amino acid Q-G in CD18 was precisely substituted [in the fibroblasts].”
Genetic engineering:
Yes - in addition to the occurrence of natural variants, variants have been created artificially, e.g. by genetic engineering or gene editing
Have human generated variants been created, e.g. through genetic engineering and gene editing
Breeds:
Angus (Cattle) (VBO_0000104),
Asturian Valley (Cattle) (VBO_0000111),
Belgian Blue (Cattle) (VBO_0000139),
Blonde d'Aquitaine (Cattle) (VBO_0000151),
Braford (Cattle) (VBO_0000158),
Charolais (Cattle) (VBO_0000177),
Gascon (Cattle) (VBO_0000209),
Gelbvieh (Cattle) (VBO_0000212),
Limousin (Cattle) (VBO_0000274),
Maine-Anjou (Cattle) (VBO_0000286),
Murray Grey (Cattle) (VBO_0000312),
Parthenais (Cattle) (VBO_0000330),
Piedmont (Cattle) (VBO_0000332),
Santa Gertrudis (Cattle) (VBO_0000368),
South Devon (Cattle) (VBO_0000385).
Breeds in which the phene has been documented. (If a likely causal variant has been documented for the phene, see the variant table breeds in which the variant has been reported).
Associated gene:
Symbol | Description | Species | Chr | Location | OMIA gene details page | Other Links |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MSTN | myostatin | Bos taurus | 2 | NC_037329.1 (6278864..6285491) | MSTN | Homologene, Ensembl , NCBI gene |
Variants
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WARNING! Inclusion of a variant in this table does not automatically mean that it should be used for DNA testing. Anyone contemplating the use of any of these variants for DNA testing should examine critically the relevant evidence (especially in breeds other than the breed in which the variant was first described). If it is decided to proceed, the location and orientation of the variant sequence should be checked very carefully.
Since October 2021, OMIA includes a semiautomated lift-over pipeline to facilitate updates of genomic positions to a recent reference genome position. These changes to genomic positions are not always reflected in the ‘acknowledgements’ or ‘verbal description’ fields in this table.
OMIA Variant ID | Breed(s) | Variant Phenotype | Gene | Allele | Type of Variant | Source of Genetic Variant | Reference Sequence | Chr. | g. or m. | c. or n. | p. | Verbal Description | EVA ID | Year Published | PubMed ID(s) | Acknowledgements |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
618 | Maine-Anjou (Cattle) | Muscular hypertrophy (double muscling) | MSTN | nt419(del7-ins10) | delins, small (<=20) | Naturally occurring variant | ARS-UCD1.2 | 2 | g.6281243_6281249delinsAAGCATACAA | c.419_425delinsAAGCATACAA | p.(F140*) | cDNA and protein positions based on NM_001001525.3 and NP_001001525.1, retrospectively | rs5334475091 | 1998 | 9501304 | The genomic location on ARS-UCD1.2 was determined by Katie Eager and Shernae Woolley, EMAI, NSW. Department of Primary Industries. Variant coordinates updated based on Johnsson and Jungnickel (2021) |
212 | Gelbvieh (Cattle) | Muscular hypertrophy (double muscling) | MSTN | missense | Naturally occurring variant | ARS-UCD1.3 | 2 | NC_037329.1:g.6279187T>C | NM_001001525.3:c.191T>C | NP_001001525.1:p.(L64P) | UMD3.1 position is g.6213889T>C | rs449270213 | 2015 | 25515003 | Variant coordinates obtained from or confirmed by EBI's Some Effect Predictor (VEP) tool. The genomic location on ARS-UCD1.2 was determined by Katie Eager and Shernae Woolley, EMAI, NSW. Department of Primary Industries. | |
771 | Angus (Cattle) Limousin (Cattle) | Muscular hypertrophy (double muscling) | MSTN | missense | Naturally occurring variant | ARS-UCD1.3 | 2 | NC_037329.1:g.6279278C>A | NM_001001525.3:c.282C>A | NP_001001525.1:p.(F94L) | UMD3.1 position is g.6213980A>C | rs110065568 | 1998 | 9501304 | Breed and variant information kindly provided or confirmed by Matt McClure and Jennifer McClure from "Understanding Genetics and Complete Genetic Disease and Trait Definition (Expanded 2016 Edition)" (https://www.icbf.com/wp/?page_id=2170). The genomic location on ARS-UCD1.2 was determined by Katie Eager and Shernae Woolley, EMAI, NSW. Department of Primary Industries. | |
772 | Parthenais (Cattle) | Muscular hypertrophy (double muscling) | MSTN | missense | Naturally occurring variant | ARS-UCD1.3 | 2 | NC_037329.1:g.6279310C>G | NP_001001525.1:c.314C>G | NP_001001525.1:p.(S105C) | UMD3.1 position is g.6214012C>G | rs5334475047 | 2002 | Reference not in PubMed; see OMIA 000683-9913 for reference details | Breed and variant information kindly provided or confirmed by Matt McClure and Jennifer McClure from "Understanding Genetics and Complete Genetic Disease and Trait Definition (Expanded 2016 Edition)" (https://www.icbf.com/wp/?page_id=2170). The genomic location on ARS-UCD1.2 was determined by Katie Eager and Shernae Woolley, EMAI, NSW. Department of Primary Industries. | |
773 | Maine-Anjou (Cattle) | Muscular hypertrophy (double muscling) | MSTN | D182N | missense | Naturally occurring variant | ARS-UCD1.3 | 2 | NC_037329.1:g.6281368G>A | NM_001001525.3:c.544G>A | NP_001001525.1:p.(D182N) | rs5334475067 | 2002 | Reference not in PubMed; see OMIA 000683-9913 for reference details | The genomic location on ARS-UCD1.2 was determined by Katie Eager and Shernae Woolley, EMAI, NSW. Department of Primary Industries. | |
299 | Blonde d'Aquitaine (Cattle) Charolais (Cattle) Limousin (Cattle) | Muscular hypertrophy (double muscling) | MSTN | nonsense (stop-gain) | Naturally occurring variant | ARS-UCD1.3 | 2 | NC_037329.1:g.6281434C>T | NM_001001525.3:c.610C>T | NP_001001525.1:p.(Q204*) | UMD3.1 position is g.6216138C>T | rs110344317 | 1998 | 9501304 | Variant coordinates obtained from or confirmed by EBI's Some Effect Predictor (VEP) tool. The genomic location on ARS-UCD1.2 was determined by Katie Eager and Shernae Woolley, EMAI, NSW. Department of Primary Industries. | |
300 | Maine-Anjou (Cattle) Marchigiana (Cattle) | Muscular hypertrophy (double muscling) | MSTN | nonsense (stop-gain) | Naturally occurring variant | ARS-UCD1.3 | 2 | NC_037329.1:g.6281500G>T | NM_001001525.3:c.676G>T | NP_001001525.1:p.(E226*) | UMD3.1 position is g.6216204G>T | rs5334474940 | 1998 | 9501304 | Variant coordinates obtained from or confirmed by EBI's Some Effect Predictor (VEP) tool; Breed information kindly provided or confirmed by Matt McClure and Jennifer McClure from "Understanding Genetics and Complete Genetic Disease and Trait Definition (Expanded 2016 Edition)" (https://www.icbf.com/wp/?page_id=2170). The genomic location on ARS-UCD1.2 was determined by Katie Eager and Shernae Woolley, EMAI, NSW. Department of Primary Industries. | |
489 | Angus (Cattle) Asturian Valley (Cattle) Belgian Blue (Cattle) Blonde d'Aquitaine (Cattle) Braford (Cattle) Limousin (Cattle) Murray Grey (Cattle) Parthenais (Cattle) Santa Gertrudis (Cattle) South Devon (Cattle) | Muscular hypertrophy (double muscling) | MSTN | deletion, small (<=20) | Naturally occurring variant | ARS-UCD1.3 | 2 | NC_037329.1:g.6283674_6283684del | NM_001001525.3:c.818_828del | NP_001001525.1:p.(D273Rfs*14) | UMD3.1 position is g.6218379delATGAACACTCC; c. previously listed as c.821_831del - updated to recent transcript ID and incorrect EVA rs382669990 replaced [29/08/2024] | rs5384554823 | 1997 | 9288100 | Breed and variant information kindly provided or confirmed by Matt McClure and Jennifer McClure from "Understanding Genetics and Complete Genetic Disease and Trait Definition (Expanded 2016 Edition)" (https://www.icbf.com/wp/?page_id=2170). The genomic location on ARS-UCD1.2 was determined by Katie Eager and Shernae Woolley, EMAI, NSW. Department of Primary Industries. Protein coordinates updated based on Johnsson and Jungnickel (2021). | |
301 | Maine-Anjou (Cattle) Marchigiana (Cattle) | Muscular hypertrophy (double muscling) | MSTN | nonsense (stop-gain) | Naturally occurring variant | ARS-UCD1.3 | 2 | NC_037329.1:g.6283727G>T | NM_001001525.3:c.871G>T | NP_001001525.1:p.(E291*) | UMD3.1 position is g.6218432G>T; c.1004G>T updated to c.871G>T [29/08/2024] | rs5334475075 | 2013 | 22497537 | Variant coordinates obtained from or confirmed by EBI's Some Effect Predictor (VEP) tool; Breed information kindly provided or confirmed by Matt McClure and Jennifer McClure from "Understanding Genetics and Complete Genetic Disease and Trait Definition (Expanded 2016 Edition)" (https://www.icbf.com/wp/?page_id=2170). The genomic location on ARS-UCD1.2 was determined by Katie Eager and Shernae Woolley, EMAI, NSW. Department of Primary Industries. | |
203 | Gascon (Cattle) Parthenais (Cattle) Piedmont (Cattle) | Muscular hypertrophy (double muscling) | MSTN | missense | Naturally occurring variant | ARS-UCD1.3 | 2 | NC_037329.1:g.6283794G>A | NM_001001525.3:c.938G>A | NP_001001525.1:p.(C313Y) | UMD3.1 position is g.6218499G>A | rs5334475012 | 1997 | 9314496 | Variant coordinates obtained from or confirmed by EBI's Some Effect Predictor (VEP) tool; Breed information kindly provided or confirmed by Matt McClure and Jennifer McClure from "Understanding Genetics and Complete Genetic Disease and Trait Definition (Expanded 2016 Edition)" (https://www.icbf.com/wp/?page_id=2170). The genomic location on ARS-UCD1.2 was determined by Katie Eager and Shernae Woolley, EMAI, NSW. Department of Primary Industries. |
Cite this entry
Nicholas, F. W., Tammen, I., & Sydney Informatics Hub. (2024). OMIA:000683-9913: Online Mendelian Inheritance in Animals (OMIA) [dataset]. https://omia.org/. https://doi.org/10.25910/2AMR-PV70
References
Note: the references are listed in reverse chronological order (from the most recent year to the earliest year), and alphabetically by first author within a year.
2024 | Ren, J., Hai, T., Chen, Y., Sun, K., Han, Z., Wang, J., Li, C., Wang, Q., Wang, L., Zhu, H., Yu, D., Li, W., Zhao, S. : |
Improve meat production and virus resistance by simultaneously editing multiple genes in livestock using Cas12iMax. Sci China Life Sci 67:555-564, 2024. Pubmed reference: 37987939. DOI: 10.1007/s11427-023-2407-0. | |
2023 | Csürhés, T., Szabó, F., Holló, G., Mikó, E., Török, M., Bene, S. : |
Relationship between some myostatin variants and meat production related calving, weaning and muscularity traits in Charolais cattle. Animals (Basel) 13:1895, 2023. Pubmed reference: 37370404. DOI: 10.3390/ani13121895. | |
Gim, G.M., Eom, K.H., Kwon, D.H., Jung, D.J., Kim, D.H., Yi, J.K., Ha, J.J., Lee, J.H., Lee, S.B., Son, W.J., Yum, S.Y., Lee, W.W., Jang, G. : | |
Generation of double knockout cattle via CRISPR-Cas9 ribonucleoprotein (RNP) electroporation. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 14:103, 2023. Pubmed reference: 37543609. DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00902-8. | |
Gu, M., Wang, S., Di, A., Wu, D., Hai, C., Liu, X., Bai, C., Su, G., Yang, L., Li, G. : | |
Combined transcriptome and metabolome analysis of smooth muscle of myostatin knockout cattle. Int J Mol Sci 24:8120, 2023. Pubmed reference: 37175828. DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098120. | |
Hai, C., Bai, C., Yang, L., Wei, Z., Wang, H., Ma, H., Ma, H., Zhao, Y., Su, G., Li, G. : | |
Effects of different generations and sex on physiological, biochemical, and growth parameters of crossbred beef cattle by myostatin gene-edited Luxi bulls and Simmental cows. Animals (Basel) 13:3216, 2023. Pubmed reference: 37893940. DOI: 10.3390/ani13203216. | |
Kalds, P., Zhou, S., Huang, S., Gao, Y., Wang, X., Chen, Y. : | |
When less is more: Targeting the myostatin gene in livestock for augmenting meat production. J Agric Food Chem 71:4216-4227, 2023. Pubmed reference: 36862946. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c08583. | |
Kostusiak, P., Slósarz, J., Gołębiewski, M., Grodkowski, G., Puppel, K. : | |
Polymorphism of genes and their impact on beef quality. Curr Issues Mol Biol 45:4749-4762, 2023. Pubmed reference: 37367051. DOI: 10.3390/cimb45060302. | |
Ryan, C.A., Purfield, D.C., Naderi, S., Berry, D.P. : | |
Associations between polymorphisms in the myostatin gene with calving difficulty and carcass merit in cattle. J Anim Sci 101:skad371, 2023. Pubmed reference: 37935361. DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad371. | |
Waller, B.E., Garcia, S.R., Fuerniss, L.K., Johnson, B.J., Woerner, D.R., Wulf, D.M. : | |
Effects of the F94L myostatin gene mutation in beef × dairy crossed cattle on muscle fiber type, live performance, carcass characteristics, and boxed beef and retail cut yields. J Anim Sci 101:skad324, 2023. Pubmed reference: 37756643. DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad324. | |
Waller, B.E., Whitewood, T.A., Woerner, D.R., Garcia, S.R., Wulf, D.M. : | |
Effects of the F94L myostatin gene mutation in beef × dairy crossed cattle on strip loin steak dimensionality, shear force, and sensory attributes. J Anim Sci 101:skad325, 2023. Pubmed reference: 37756513. DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad325. | |
Wang, M., Ding, F., Wang, H., Li, L., Dai, Y., Sun, Z., Li, N. : | |
Versatile generation of precise gene edits in bovines using SEGCPN. BMC Biol 21:226, 2023. Pubmed reference: 37864194. DOI: 10.1186/s12915-023-01677-0. | |
Wu, D., Wang, S., Hai, C., Wang, L., Pei, D., Bai, C., Su, G., Liu, X., Zhao, Y., Liu, Z., Yang, L., Li, G. : | |
The effect of MSTN mutation on bile acid metabolism and lipid metabolism in cattle. Metabolites 13:836, 2023. Pubmed reference: 37512543. DOI: 10.3390/metabo13070836. | |
2022 | Meyermans, R., Janssens, S., Coussé, A., Gorssen, W., Hubin, X., Mayeres, P., Veulemans, W., Claerebout, E., Charlier, C., Buys, N. : |
Myostatin mutation causing double muscling could affect increased psoroptic mange sensitivity in dual purpose Belgian Blue cattle. Animal 16:100460, 2022. Pubmed reference: 35180681. DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2022.100460. | |
Wang, X., Petersen, B. : | |
More abundant and healthier meat: will the MSTN editing epitome empower the commercialization of gene editing in livestock? Sci China Life Sci 65:448-450, 2022. Pubmed reference: 34431041. DOI: 10.1007/s11427-021-1980-4. | |
2021 | Ge, L., Kang, J., Dong, X., Luan, D., Su, G., Li, G., Zhang, Y., Quan, F. : |
Myostatin site-directed mutation and simultaneous PPARγ site-directed knockin in bovine genome. J Cell Physiol 236:2592-2605, 2021. Pubmed reference: 32841375. DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30017. | |
Johnsson, M., Jungnickel, M.K. : | |
Evidence for and localization of proposed causative variants in cattle and pig genomes. Genet Sel Evol 53:67, 2021. Pubmed reference: 34461824. DOI: 10.1186/s12711-021-00662-x. | |
Konovalova, E., Romanenkova, O., Kostyunina, O., Gladyr, E. : | |
The molecular bases study of the inherited diseases for the health maintenance of the beef cattle. Genes (Basel) 12:678, 2021. Pubmed reference: 33946496. DOI: 10.3390/genes12050678. | |
Konovalova, E., Romanenkova, O., Zimina, A., Volkova, V., Sermyagin, A. : | |
Genetic variations and haplotypic diversity in the myostatin gene of different cattle breeds in Russia. Animals (Basel) 11:2810, 2021. Pubmed reference: 34679835. DOI: 10.3390/ani11102810. | |
Omosule, C.L., Phillips, C.L. : | |
Deciphering myostatin's regulatory, metabolic, and developmental influence in skeletal diseases. Front Genet 12:662908, 2021. Pubmed reference: 33854530. DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.662908. | |
Singh, P., Ali, S.A. : | |
Impact of CRISPR-Cas9-based genome engineering in farm animals. Vet Sci 8:122, 2021. Pubmed reference: 34209174. DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8070122. | |
2020 | Konovalova, EN., Romanenkova, OS., Volkova, VV., Kostyunina, OV. : |
DNA analysis of the Russian populations of Aberdeen Angus, Hereford and Belgian Blue cattle Arch Anim Breed 63:409-416, 2020. DOI: 10.5194/aab-63-409-2020. | |
2019 | Lee, J., Kim, J.M., Garrick, D.J. : |
Increasing the accuracy of genomic prediction in pure-bred Limousin beef cattle by including cross-bred Limousin data and accounting for an F94L variant in MSTN. Anim Genet 50:621-633, 2019. Pubmed reference: 31486116. DOI: 10.1111/age.12846. | |
Xin, X.B., Yang, S.P., Li, X., Liu, X.F., Zhang, L.L., Ding, X.B., Zhang, S., Li, G.P., Guo, H. : | |
Proteomics insights into the effects of MSTN on muscle glucose and lipid metabolism in genetically edited cattle. Gen Comp Endocrinol 291:113237, 2019. Pubmed reference: 31374285. DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2019.113237. | |
2018 | Aiello, D., Patel, K., Lasagna, E. : |
The myostatin gene: an overview of mechanisms of action and its relevance to livestock animals. Anim Genet 49:505-19, 2018. Pubmed reference: 30125951. DOI: 10.1111/age.12696. | |
2016 | Leroy, G., Besbes, B., Boettcher, P., Hoffmann, I., Capitan, A., Baumung, R. : |
Rare phenotypes in domestic animals: unique resources for multiple applications. Anim Genet 47:141-53, 2016. Pubmed reference: 26662214. DOI: 10.1111/age.12393. | |
Randhawa, I.A., Khatkar, M.S., Thomson, P.C., Raadsma, H.W. : | |
A meta-assembly of selection signatures in cattle. PLoS One 11:e0153013, 2016. Pubmed reference: 27045296. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153013. | |
2015 | Dierks, C., Eder, J., Glatzer, S., Lehner, S., Distl, O. : |
A novel myostatin mutation in double-muscled German Gelbvieh. Anim Genet 46:91-2, 2015. Pubmed reference: 25515003. DOI: 10.1111/age.12242. | |
Zhao, L.H., Zhao, Y.H., Liang, H., Yun, T., Han, X.J., Zhang, M.L., Zhou, X., Hou, D.X., Li, R.F., Li, X.L. : | |
A promoter trap vector for knocking out bovine myostatin gene with high targeting efficiency. Genet Mol Res 14:2750-61, 2015. Pubmed reference: 25867424. DOI: 10.4238/2015.March.31.5. | |
2014 | Druet, T., Ahariz, N., Cambisano, N., Tamma, N., Michaux, C., Coppieters, W., Charlier, C., Georges, M. : |
Selection in action: dissecting the molecular underpinnings of the increasing muscle mass of Belgian blue cattle. BMC Genomics 15:796, 2014. Pubmed reference: 25228463. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-796. | |
Luo, J., Song, Z., Yu, S., Cui, D., Wang, B., Ding, F., Li, S., Dai, Y., Li, N. : | |
Efficient generation of myostatin (MSTN) biallelic mutations in cattle using zinc finger nucleases. PLoS One 9:e95225, 2014. Pubmed reference: 24743319. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095225. | |
Yang, C., Tong, H., Ma, X., Du, W., Liu, D., Yang, Y., Yan, Y. : | |
Myostatin knockout in bovine fetal fibroblasts by using TALEN. Yi Chuan 36:685-90, 2014. Pubmed reference: 25076033. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1005.2014.0685. | |
2013 | Druet, T., Pérez-Pardal, L., Charlier, C., Gautier, M. : |
Identification of large selective sweeps associated with major genes in cattle. Anim Genet 44:758-62, 2013. Pubmed reference: 23859468. DOI: 10.1111/age.12073. | |
Howard, J.T., Kachman, S.D., Nielsen, M.K., Mader, T.L., Spangler, M.L. : | |
The effect of myostatin genotype on body temperature during extreme temperature events. J Anim Sci 91:3051-8, 2013. Pubmed reference: 23572263. DOI: 10.2527/jas.2012-6180. | |
Miretti, S., Martignani, E., Accornero, P., Baratta, M. : | |
Functional effect of mir-27b on myostatin expression: a relationship in Piedmontese cattle with double-muscled phenotype. BMC Genomics 14:194, 2013. Pubmed reference: 23510267. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-194. | |
O'Rourke, B.A., Greenwood, P.L., Arthur, P.F., Goddard, M.E. : | |
Inferring the recent ancestry of myostatin alleles affecting muscle mass in cattle. Anim Genet 44:86-90, 2013. Pubmed reference: 22497537. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2012.02354.x. | |
2012 | Tellam, R.L., Cockett, N.E., Vuocolo, T., Bidwell, C.A. : |
Genes contributing to genetic variation of muscling in sheep. Front Genet 3:164, 2012. Pubmed reference: 22952470. DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2012.00164. | |
2011 | Stinckens, A., Georges, M., Buys, N. : |
Mutations in the myostatin gene leading to hypermuscularity in mammals: indications for a similar mechanism in fish? Anim Genet 42:229-34, 2011. Pubmed reference: 21175702. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2010.02144.x. | |
2010 | Warner, RD., Greenwood, PL., Pethick, DW., Ferguson, DM. : |
Genetic and environmental effects on meat quality. Meat Sci 86:171-83, 2010. Pubmed reference: 20561754. DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2010.04.042. | |
2009 | Hudson, NJ., Reverter, A., Dalrymple, BP. : |
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Clinical, agricultural, and evolutionary biology of myostatin: a comparative review. Endocr Rev 29:513-34, 2008. Pubmed reference: 18591260. DOI: 10.1210/er.2008-0003. | |
2007 | Sellick, G.S., Pitchford, W.S., Morris, C.A., Cullen, N.G., Crawford, A.M., Raadsma, H.W., Bottema, C.D. : |
Effect of myostatin F94L on carcass yield in cattle. Anim Genet 38:440-6, 2007. Pubmed reference: 17617213. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2007.01623.x. | |
2006 | Best, LG., Gilbert-Barness, E., Gerrard, DE., Gendron-Fitzpatrick, A., Opitz, JM. : |
"Double-muscle" trait in cattle: a possible model for Wiedemann-Beckwith syndrome. Fetal Pediatr Pathol 25:9-20, 2006. Pubmed reference: 16754485. DOI: 10.1080/15227950600701503. | |
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Myostatin auto-regulates its expression by feedback loop through Smad7 dependent mechanism. J Cell Physiol 206:264-72, 2006. Pubmed reference: 16110474. DOI: 10.1002/jcp.20477. | |
2005 | Bellinge, RH., Liberles, DA., Iaschi, SP., O'brien, PA., Tay, GK. : |
Myostatin and its implications on animal breeding: a review. Anim Genet 36:1-6, 2005. Pubmed reference: 15670124. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2004.01229.x. | |
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Carcass dissection and commercial meat yield in Piemontese and Belgian Blue double-muscled young bulls Livestock Production Science 98:199-204, 2005. | |
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Proteomic analysis of bovine skeletal muscle hypertrophy. Proteomics 5:490-500, 2005. Pubmed reference: 15627970. DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200400925. | |
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A PCR-RFLP method for genotyping the myostatin locus in Piemontese cattle. Anim Genet 36:521, 2005. Pubmed reference: 16293132. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2005.01356.x. | |
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2004 | Fernandez, C., Barroso, A., Cañón, J., Dunner, S. : |
Myostatin dominant negative allele products interact positively with wild type monomers. Anim Biotechnol 15:133-43, 2004. Pubmed reference: 15595699. DOI: 10.1081/LABT-200035054. | |
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2003 | Dunner, S., Miranda, M.E., Amigues, Y., Cañón, J., Georges, M., Hanset, R., Williams, J., Ménissier, F. : |
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Double muscling in Marchigiana beef breed is caused by a stop codon in the third exon of myostatin gene. Mamm Genome 14:392-5, 2003. Pubmed reference: 12879361. DOI: 10.1007/s00335-002-2176-5. | |
2002 | Berry, C., Thomas, M., Langley, B., Sharma, M., Kambadur, R. : |
Single cysteine to tyrosine transition inactivates the growth inhibitory function of Piedmontese myostatin American Journal of Physiology - Cell Physiology 283:C135-C141, 2002. Pubmed reference: 12055081. DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00458.2001. | |
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Determination of the methionine requirement of finishing double-muscled Belgian blue bulls with a three-step method Canadian Journal of Animal Science 82:95-102, 2002. | |
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Testing a continuous variation in preweaning expression of muscular hypertrophy in beef cattle using field data Archiv fur Tierzucht-Archives of Animal Breeding 45:139-149, 2002. | |
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Simultaneous genotyping to detect myostatin gene polymorphism in beef cattle breeds Journal of Animal Breeding & Genetics 119:361-366, 2002. | |
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Muscle-related traits in cattle: The role of the myostatin gene in the South Devon breed Genetics Selection Evolution 34:221-232, 2002. | |
2001 | Casas, E., Stone, R.T., Keele, J.W., Shackelford, S.D., Kappes, S.M., Koohmaraie, M. : |
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Relationship between dam and calf characteristics with regard to dystocia in Belgian Blue double-muscled cows Animal Science 72:389-394, 2001. | |
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Optimum mating systems for the myostatin locus in cattle Journal of Animal Science 79:2016-2022, 2001. Pubmed reference: 11518210. | |
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Leather made from the hides of double-muscled cattle has satisfactory physical characteristics Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association 96:393-397, 2001. | |
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The effects of Piedmontese inheritance and myostatin genotype on the palatability of longissimus thoracis, gluteus medius, semimembranosus, and biceps femoris Journal of Animal Science 79:3069-3074, 2001. Pubmed reference: 11811461. | |
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Determination of the methionine requirement of growing double-muscled Belgian Blue bulls with a three-step method Journal of Animal Science 78:233-241, 2000. Pubmed reference: 10682826. | |
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1994 | Amory, H., Desmecht, D.J.M., Linden, A.S., Mcentee, K., Rollin, F.A., Beduin, J.M.L., Genicot, B.C., Dorio, V., Lekeux, P.M. : |
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Heterosis, maternal and direct effects in double-muscled and normal cattle. II. Carcass traits of young bulls Journal of Animal Science 67:911-919, 1989. Pubmed reference: 2715118. | |
Arthur, P.F., Makarechian, M., Price, M.A., Berg, R.T. : | |
Heterosis, maternal and direct effects in double-muscled and normal cattle: I. Reproduction and growth traits Journal of Animal Science 67:902-910, 1989. Pubmed reference: 2715117. | |
1988 | Arthur, P.F., Makarechian, M., Price, M.A. : |
Incidence of dystocia and perinatal mortality resulting from reciprocal crossing of double-muscled and normal cattle Canadian Veterinary Journal 29:163-167, 1988. | |
1987 | Arthur, P.F., Makarechian, M., Price, M.A. : |
Crossing double-muscled and normal cattle: reproductive performance Agriculture and Forestry Bulletin, University of Alberta :72-75, 1987. | |
Laurans, A. de, Lukaszewicz, M. : | |
Influence of the muscular hypertrophy gene on the skeleton and hypertrophy of individual muscles in cattle Animal Science Papers and Reports, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding Jastrzebiec, Polish Academy of Sciences :89-101, 1987. | |
1986 | Hanset, R. : |
Doubling muscling in cattle :71-80, 1986. | |
Shahin, K.A., Berg, R.T., Price, M.A. : | |
Sex differences in carcass composition and tissue distribution in mature double muscled cattle Canadian Journal of Animal Science 66:625-636, 1986. | |
1985 | Hanset, R., Michaux, C. : |
On the genetic determinism of muscular hypertrophy in the Belgian White and Blue cattle breed. I. Genetics, Selection, Evolution 17:359-368, 1985. | |
Hanset, R., Michaux, C. : | |
On the genetic determinism of muscular hypertrophy in the Belgian White and Blue cattle breed. II. Genetics, Selection, Evolution 17:369-386, 1985. | |
1981 | Hanset, R. : |
Double muscling in cattle : Its inheritance : Its meaning for beef production Annales de Medecine Veterinaire 125:85-95, 1981. | |
Michaux, C., Hanset, R. : | |
Sexual development of double-muscled and conventional bulls. I. Testicular growth Zeitschrift fur Tierzuchtung und Zuchtungsbiologie 98:29-37, 1981. | |
Michaux, C., Hanset, R. : | |
Sexual development of double-muscled and conventional bulls. II. Plasma testosterone and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels Zeitschrift fur Tierzuchtung und Zuchtungsbiologie 98:38-44, 1981. | |
Novakofski, J.E., Kauffman, R.G., Cassens, R.G. : | |
Biological detection of heterozygosity for double muscling in cattle. 1. Terminal innervation ratio Journal of Animal Science 52:1430-1436, 1981. Pubmed reference: 7298527. | |
1979 | Hanset, R. : |
Feed intake and feed efficiency in double-muscled and conventional cattle Zeitschrift fur Tierzuchtung und Zuchtungsbiologie 96:260-269, 1979. | |
1969 | Oliver, W.M., Cartwright, T.C. : |
Double muscling in cattle. A review of expression genetics and economic implications Texas Agricultural Experiment Station Technical Report :58, 1969. | |
1968 | Kidwell, J.F., Vernon, E.H. : |
Muscular hypertrophy in cattle Journal of Heredity 43:62-, 1968. | |
1967 | Hanset, R. : |
[The problem of muscular hypertrophy or the culard character in the Central and Upper Belgium breed] Annales de Medecine Veterinaire 111:140-180, 1967. | |
1966 | Ansay, M., Gillet, A. : |
[Study of some constituents of blood and urine in muscular hypertrophy in cattle. I. Urea and amino acids] Annales de Medecine Veterinaire 110:274-302, 1966. | |
Ansay, M., Gillet, A. : | |
[Study of some blood and urinary components in cattle with muscular hypertrophy. II. Creatine and creatinine] Annales de Medecine Veterinaire 110:512-541, 1966. | |
1964 | Boccard, R. : |
Relationship between muscular hypertrophy and collagen metabolism in 'double rump' cattle Annales de Zootechnie 13:389-391, 1964. | |
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Studies in the muscles of meat animals. IV. Comparative composition of muscles from 'doppelander' and normal sibling heifers Journal of Agricultural Science 62:89-92, 1964. | |
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Los terneros de grupa de potro (llamados culones) son reses anormales [Calves with horse rump (so-called culones) are abnormal cattle]. Ganaderia. Revista del Sindicato Nacional de Ganaderia 22:24, 1964. | |
1963 | Dejong, S. : |
[Cattle with muscular hypertrophy] Veeteelt- en Zuivelberichten 6:174-178, 1963. | |
1962 | Nuvy, A., Vissac, B. : |
The 'curard' of double- muscled phenomenon in cattle Union Nationale des Livres Geneologiques :52, 1962. | |
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1961 | Hanset, R. : |
The problem of muscular hypertrophy in the rump of cattle Annales de Medecine Veterinaire 105:14-31, 1961. | |
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[Fattening and slaughter tests to compare normal and 'double-muscled' Piedmont calves] Annali della Sperimentazione Agraria 15:105-151, 1961. | |
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